http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us November The principal objective of this study is to present and discuss the elements that emerge from Michel Foucault's archeological undertakings, which, in our view, configure the existence of a new rhetoric that deals with what the French philosopher called the rarefaction of the subject and rarefaction of discourse in his inaugural lecture at the Collège de France (Foucault, 1996). This new rhetoric would be in charge of reflecting and analyzing the phenomena that result from both the rarefaction of the subject and the rarefaction of discourse, that is, such rhetoric invests in what is responsible for imposing on the speaking subject what to say and how to say it. Therefore, it turns to certain mechanisms of control of discourses that Foucault presented in The Discourse on Language, a work that completes five decades of its publication. This Foucauldian rhetoric also has as its main function to deal with the history of the present, that is, to reflect on what we do and think at this exact moment, which, in turn, would be in charge of contributing to the history of how we became subjects in a culture like ours, at this stage of high modernity and the Information Age. From this perspective, she would be interested in the processes of identification and subjectivation that result from the ways in which we become subjects. In short, it is a study that seeks to present elements that demonstrate the emergence of a new rhetoric that emerges from the work of Michel Foucault, who, according to Deleuze (1992), increasingly invested in a generalized pragmatics. http://ijaers.com/detail/elements-of-a-new-rhetoric-in-foucault-s-work/ Alex Pereira de Araújo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-10202324-Elements.pdf Brazil stands out for having the second largest cattle herd in the world, close to 208 million heads. Supplementation of pastured animals is an area of great interest in veterinary training. This is because food is one of the main factors that influence the productivity and health of animals, and nutritional supplementation is an important strategy to ensure the supply of adequate and sufficient nutrients to meet the animals' needs. If supplementation is not carried out properly, there may be an imbalance in the animals' diet, leading to health problems and reduced performance. Therefore, this work presents the problem question: What is the best food supplement for beef cattle? This work aims to describe the effects of supplementation on beef cattle in the pasture system. Analyze what the national beef cattle industry is like. Address the effect of supplementation on the performance of beef cattle in a pasture system. Identify supplementation during the rainy season, as well as its causes and effects. Explain pasture supplementation strategies for beef cattle. This is a methodology carried out through a bibliographic review of qualitative literature research. With a questionnaire applied to producers who visit the 26th Expoagro de Nanuque in September 2023. http://ijaers.com/detail/food-supplementation-for-beef-cattle-raised-on-pasture-in-the-north-of-minas-gerais/ Gilmar Antunes Saude Neto, Iara Alves de Sousa, Jackeline Freitas da Silva, Letícia Campos Santos, Daniel Rodrigues Silva, Maria Eduarda Lima da Silva, Tauan Bremer Ramalho, Vania Graça Santos, Vinícius Nascimento Santos, Wagner Mendes Rodrigues http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-10202318-Food.pdf Over the past 30 years, West Africa has been hit by climate variability. This variability affects the activities of the poorest populations. This situation makes communities vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The aim of the present study is to characterize hydroclimatic variability in the lower Ouémé valley. To achieve this, rainfall and flow records from the Bonou station were collected over the period 1986-2016. These data, obtained from the national meteorological agency and the Direction Générale de l'Eau, were processed and filled in. Statistical protocols were used to determine the characteristic elements of hydro-climatic variability in the environment. The pettitt test was used to determine any breaks in rainfall and flow rates. Analysis of the results revealed an uneven distribution of rainfall. Three phases were identified in the evolution of rainfall. The first, 1987-1990, was marked by rainfall surpluses. The second is characterized by rainfall deficits between 1990 and 2006, and the last (2006-2016) by very unstable rainfall trends. Application of the Pettitt test to this time series revealed a break in stationarity at the 95% threshold, highlighting two sub-periods, 1987-2006 and 2007-2016. This drop in rainfall leads to a drop in surface runoff, with values ranging from 0.2% to 1% in the Ouémé valley. http://ijaers.com/detail/characterization-of-hydropluviometric-variability-in-the-lower-valley-of-the-ou-m/ AZIAN Déhalé Donatien, KOUMASSI D. Hervé, VISSIN Expédit W http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-10202323-Characterization.pdf Rare earth elements are widely used in many technological domains, including reactants, alloying elements, catalysts, batteries, superconductors, etc., because of their unique electro-optical properties. Recovery and separation of rare earth elements are particularly crucial due to the steadily rising demand, as they can enhance scarce resources and reduce radiation-related waste disposal harm. Reports about the harmful effects of rare earth elements on microbes, plants, and animals have become increasingly common in recent years. More dangerously, residues from rare earth elements can build up in the human body through ingestion or digestion in the food chain. Finding a practical and affordable way to use rare earth elements or remove them from our surroundings is therefore essential. To extract these elements, halloysite is processed using a straightforward chemical procedure to produce rare earth metal ion adsorbent materials. The Halloysite that has been processed has a rod-shaped, one-dimensional nanomorphology. Halloysite-kaolinite is the two-phase version of the adsorbent material. The strong adsorption capacity of halloysite for Ce3+ is demonstrated by research findings. Halloysite adsorbs Ce3+ using the monolayer physical adsorption model and the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. http://ijaers.com/detail/adsorption-of-ce3-ions-using-a-one-dimensional-nanomaterial-with-natural-halloysite-kaolinite-dual-components/ Thao Le Thi Phuong, Thoa Nguyen Thi Kim, Duyen Le Thi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-1120232-Adsorption.pdf The paper aims to assess why businesses evade tax in Ghana. This study uses a sample size of 100 respondents, consisting of 90 taxpayers 3 tax officials and, 7 personal interviews. Using descriptive statistics, the study's findings showed that the following are causes of tax evasion; a lack of tax education, high tax rates, a lack of enforcement of penalties, the perception that the government is misusing taxes, and unprofitable businesses. These are the main drivers of tax evasion in the country. The difficulties tax officials face in collecting taxes include their inability to contact all taxpayers and the lack of a taxpayer database. It was not surprising that less than 50% of the respondents responded to the fact that tax evasion may improve living conditions, given that the majority of the respondents did not obtain formal education. Furthermore, 32% of total respondents believe that tax evasion will end or reduce the social benefits enjoyed by citizens because the government will not have enough money to provide such amenities. This means that all respondents were aware of the negative effects of tax evasion on national development. Indeed, the administration must take every step plausible to incentivize tax payment. According to the research results, tax education was insufficient, as were improper sanctions implementation and tax collectors' inability to locate several liable taxpayers. The study concludes by proposing additional research focusing on raising tax adherence through tax education. http://ijaers.com/detail/why-businesses-evade-tax-in-ghana/ Massang Naa Norley, Wang Jianfeng, Adu Sarfo Philip, Massang Thomas http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-1120231-WhyBusinesses.pdf In the context of globalisation, African religions are marginalised because they are poorly understood and have to compete with the so-called revealed religions of the West. As a result, certain African beliefs are subjected to denigrating violence. This is the case of the Bamiléké cults in West Cameroon, which are characterised by specific rites, ceremonies and places. Based on a corpus of cults observed in the Bamiléké country (2021/2022), this article aims to rehabilitate them in order to place them in the context of a poorly understood monotheistic religion, hence the following problem: how is religious worship characterised in the Bamiléké country in a context of globalisation where certain African cultural values are marginalised? To carry out this research, we will use social and cultural anthropology and discursive memory as two approaches to postcolonial theory. Our findings are as follows: first, the problem of naming African religions is characterised by stereotypes and cultural memory. Secondly, religious cults in Bamiléké country have cultural specificities that may either be authentic to the Bamiléké or resemble cults practised in so-called monotheistic religions. Finally, these undervalued religious cults have various symbolic stakes for the Bamiléké that deserve to be taken into account in a context of unidirectional globalisation. http://ijaers.com/detail/from-denigrating-violence-against-african-beliefs-to-the-construction-of-cultural-values-a-postcolonial-study-of-religious-cults-in-the-bamil-k-country-west-region-of-cameroon/ Beaudelaire Noël Kaze http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-10202321-From.pdf Seeds are considered to have high vigor as long as they are handled in the right way, always taking as fundamentals, in the pillars of their quality, which are: physical, physiological, genetic and sanitary. A total of 200 seeds were used for 8 treatments of the same variety conducted in the seed laboratory of the INSTITUTO TOCANTINENSE PRESIDENTE ANTÔNIO CARLOS (ITPAC-PORTO), which were subjected to conditions of two temperatures: 10°C and 25°C, under 4 situations of osmotic potentials On substrates: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml. An evaluation was carried out at 5, 8 and 20 days after assembly, using seedling emergence and development as a parameter. The samples were analyzed based on the RAS (RULES FOR SEED ANALYSIS), i.e., they were considered germinated when they showed the development of a normal seedling. The data will be submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test in the Sisvar software. The results allowed us to visualize the excellent germination and growths of the seedlings when using the temperature of 25°C and wetting of 2.5 ml in the substrate. Germination is impacted when the low availability of water in the substrates, as well as milder temperatures, influences the speed of development of meristematic tissues. http://ijaers.com/detail/evaluation-with-different-amounts-of-moisture-and-temperature-in-the-substrate-on-the-vigor-and-germination-of-soybean-seeds/ Guilherme Saraiva dos Santos, Angelo Ricardo Balduino http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-1120234-Evaluation.pdf A methodology is proposed for studying, using digital technology, asymmetrical transient modes of a synchronous generator operating on infinite power systems. The initial equations of a synchronous machine and sequential transformations for their solution are presented. Differential equations of synchronous machines are compiled in phase coordinates. When solving the equations, the parameters of the electrical network included between the generator and the system are taken into account. The results of calculations using the obtained equations for the 14-node IEEE test circuit are presented, confirming the effectiveness of this approach. http://ijaers.com/detail/equations-of-a-synchronous-machine-in-phase-coordinates-for-asymmetrical-short-circuits-and-their-solutions/ Huseyngulu Guliyev, Famil Ibrahimov http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-11202310-Equations.pdf This paper proposes a nonsingular fast sliding mode control based on a fuzzy model applied to a robotic system. The objective of the proposed approach to guarantee the convergence of the system to desired trajectories quickly and in finite time in presence of uncertainties and external disturbances. Simulation results are given to see the obtained performances. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-robust-controller-design-for-a-robotic-system/ Lafi Alnufaie http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9IJAERS-1120238-Arobust.pdf As awareness of environmental issues grows, society recognizes the need for change, and more consumers advocate for environmentally friendly products. Consequently, the construction industry is compelled to devise new strategies to meet these demands. Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) arises from construction, renovation, or demolition activities, constituting a residual product that has a significant negative impact on the environment. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), also known as "Styrofoam," is a polymer-based material characterized by its low density, high flexibility, exceptional thermal, acoustic, and chemical resistance, in addition to being entirely recyclable. Composites refer to materials created by combining one or more materials with a matrix, also known as a reinforcement or filler load. This work aimed to conduct research by producing composite materials with a polymer matrix based on expanded polystyrene reinforced with CDW particles. The incorporation of CDW into expanded polystyrene was proposed through its dissolution in the solvent "acetone," enabling the mixing of CDW particles into the polymer matrix. Through structural characterization and mechanical properties, it is intended that the study of this new material can fill gaps in research on the reuse of construction and demolition waste in the field of civil engineering. http://ijaers.com/detail/production-and-study-of-polymeric-composite-based-on-recycled-waste-from-civil-construction/ Carina Imaculada Ferreira, Franciely Benfica Arcanjo, Priscila Alves da Silva Machado http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10IJAERS-1120235-Production.pdf In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a free space optics (FSO) link operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm using non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) line codes, as well as avalanche photodiode (APD) and positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) receivers, under various weather conditions. The study analyzes pointing error and received signal attenuation across different scenarios, including clear air, haze, and fog. Results indicate that the pointing error for NRZ-APD is 11.62 μrad, slightly higher than the 11.22 μrad observed for RZ-APD. However, RZ-APD experienced greater signal attenuation across all weather conditions compared to NRZ-APD. For PIN receivers, the study shows maximum pointing errors of 10.55 μrad and 10.42 μrad for NRZ-PIN and RZ-PIN configurations, respectively, in foggy conditions. These findings suggest that a wavelength of 1550 nm offers optimal performance for FSO links across all weather conditions, with NRZ-APD and RZ-PIN showing advantages in terms of pointing accuracy. This paper provides valuable insights for the design and implementation of robust and efficient FSO communication systems in diverse atmospheric environments. http://ijaers.com/detail/performance-evaluation-of-free-space-optical-links-with-nrz-and-rz-line-codes-using-apd-and-pin-receivers-under-diverse-weather-conditions/ Jayprakash Vijay, Amit Rathi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11IJAERS-0420239-Performance.pdf