http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us February Freeze-thaw damage is one of the most serious issues that can affect pavement made of recycled concrete in cold places. The recycled concrete pavement freeze-thaw deterioration mechanism still needs to be fully understood. In this study, a number of different experimental investigations were conducted. on several concrete specimens that contained differing percentages of RCA replacements by volume (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%, respectively). Several freeze-thaw cycles have been exposed to the concrete specimens. In order to assess the performance of the casted specimens, the mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME), and length change were estimated. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of recycled coarse aggregate significantly affects the performance of the specimens. Flexural strength tests have been used to evaluate the degree to which the specimens' mechanical properties have deteriorated. After being subjected to several freeze-thaw cycles. For all mixtures, the 28-day flexural strength values were calculated. The test result shows the flexural strength value of the specimens was inversely proportional to the replacement of RA. The flexural strengths of the specimens dropped as the number of RA increased. Furthermore, the specimens with more RA replacement have a greater drop in flexural strengths. Moreover, an analysis of the freeze-thaw cycle's process and its damage mechanism was revealed. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-effect-of-freeze-thaw-on-the-performance-of-recycled-concrete-pavement/ Shoddo Elias Haile, Yuanzhen Liu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-1202329-Theeffect.pdf Tomato quality is directly related to the quality of the water used for irrigation and the adequate supply of nutrients, which can lead to damage due to soil salinization, with a consequent reduction in crop yield. This work aims to evaluate the emergence and initial development of 'Bartô' tomato seeds when submitted to different levels of saline water. Tomato cultivar seeds (Solanum lycopersicum) were subjected to five concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), 2.5; 3.5; 4.5; 6.5 and 7.5 dS m-1. The design used was completely randomized (DIC) with four replications of 25 seeds per modality. Sowing was carried out in petri dishes, on a paper towel disc. The papers were moistened with the saline solution in their respective concentrations. Then the plates were sealed to prevent moisture loss. The assays were kept in the BOD (biology oxygen demand), at a temperature of 25ºC. In addition to the electrical conductivity test, the physiological characterization of tomato seeds was carried out, such as: first germination assembly, emergence speed index (IVE); germination percentage; seedling length. The data were submitted to analysis of variance using the SISVAR Software, and were not transformed, as they followed a normal and homogeneous distribution. The maximum salinity in irrigation water that tomato plants can withstand without affecting productivity was 1.7 dS m-1. The salinity level that negatively affected the studied variables was from 4.5 dSm-¹. http://ijaers.com/detail/effects-of-water-salinization-on-tomato-seedlings-solanum-lycopersicum/ Leandra Brito de Oliveira, Luziléa Brito de Oliveira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-01202332-Effectsof.pdf The municipalities, in search of a tax collection headquarters in order to bring more resources to their coffers so that they can carry out their public policies in a satisfactory manner, have been issuing, through secondary normative acts, via Decrees, significant changes in the tax calculation bases that are within its competence. The objective of the study was to respond to a jurisprudential discussion already consolidated by the Superior Courts regarding compliance with art. 150, I of the Federal Constitution of 1988, combined with art. 33 and art. 97, § 2 of the National Tax Code. The methodology of the study was a literature review, themethod adopted was the use of qualitative analysis techniques of the text, which occurs with the confrontation of information and analysis of speeches and contents about the tax system of its importance. The results showed that in the Constitution, especially with regard to the principle of legality, as a limitation of the State's power to tax, as this fact is an individual right of the taxpayer, not subject to suppression, protected by an immutable clause, as provided in article 60, § 4 of CF/88. It is concluded thatAuthorization for monetary restatement purposes is limited to the official indices provided for in the fiscal list or in the value plan contained in a Law approved by the Legislative or equivalent to the law, such as the use of a Provisional Measure. http://ijaers.com/detail/national-tax-system-a-jurisprudential-discussion/ Andrey Pacheco Santana, Altair Reis do Nascimento, Débora Cristina Passos de Sá http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-0220234-NationalTax.pdf Drainage is a sewer system that functions to drain rainwater runoff, sewage from settlements, factories, industrial wastewater, prevent stagnant water and so on. Thus, if there is stagnant water or runoff in an area, the condition of the local drainage channel needs to be evaluated. Stagnant water that is not immediately drained can cause negative impacts such as disruption to residents' activities, the environment becomes dirty, smells bad, and causes disease. Analysis and discussion of rainfall calculations for 10 years with rational methods based on algebraic mean, Gumbell, Log person III. The purpose of this study is to analyze how much runoff discharge, dirty water discharge discharge and rehabilitate existing drainage channels and drainage runoff handling solutions. By analyzing the rainfall discharge that occurs in the field using return periods of 1.01 years, 2 years, 5 years and 10 years, the peak hours that occur in the drainage area are obtained. For the 0.01 year return period it is 345.597 mm/hour, for the 2 year return period it is 435.094 mm/hour, for the 5 year return period it is 477.044 mm/hour, and for the 10 year return period it is 511.195 mm/hour. The amount of discharge / discharge of dirty water in channel Ka1 = 0.0037 m3/s, for channel Ka 1a = 0.0059 m3/s, for channel Ka 1b = 0.0060 m^3/s, for channel Ka 2 = 0.0058 m^3/ sec , for Ka 2a channel = 0.0039 m3/s, for Ka 2b channel = 0.0034 m3/s, for Ki 3 channel = 0.0056 m3/s, for Ki 3a channel = 0.0010 m3/s, for Ki 3b channel = 0.0012 m3/ sec http://ijaers.com/detail/overview-of-river-over-drainage-channels-in-the-wailela-river-watershed-teluk-ambon-district-ambon-city/ Rudi Serang http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-0220232-Overview.pdf In accordance with the development of knowledge, ceramics are all items made from non-metallic inorganic materials with silicate rock soil materials whose manufacturing process is accompanied by a combustion process at high temperatures. Seeing the potential for clay soil in Indonesia is very large, of course, many industrial activities grow so that they can provide benefits for humans, but apart from the benefits there are also impacts from industrial activities. One of the impacts of industrial activities is the waste, there are industrial wastes that can damage the environment or are environmentally friendly. The method used in this study is an experimental method, namely an experiment that aims to investigate the relationship between the compressive strength of normal concrete and concrete that uses ceramic shards as a filler material for a portion of the weight of coarse aggregate. The test objects made in this experiment were 9 samples in the form of concrete cylinders with a size of 15 cm x 30 cm which would later be tested for the compressive strength of concrete using SNI 03-2834-2000 guidelines. The research objectives were to obtain the compressive strength of concrete using ceramic waste materials as an additional coarse aggregate and to obtain the results of a comparison of normal concrete compressive strength with the compressive strength of concrete using ceramic waste materials. The compressive strength of concrete using ceramic waste material as an additional coarse aggregate with a percentage of 15% and 20% ceramic waste is as follows: Trial mix with 15% ceramic gives a compressive strength of 23.91 MPa and trial mix with ceramic 20% days gives a compressive strength of 23 .89 MPa. From the results of this test the percentage of ceramic 20% has a greater compressive strength compared to the percentage of ceramic 15% and the comparison of the compressive strength values of normal concrete and concrete using ceramics proves that the compressive strength of concrete is greater than normal concrete. big. It can be seen from the compressive strength of concrete from 0% to 15% which has an increase of 0.59 MPa and the compressive strength of slate from 0% to 20% has an increase of 0.98 MPa. http://ijaers.com/detail/utilization-of-ceramic-waste-as-coarse-aggregate-and-the-effect-on-concrete-compressive-strength/ Samuel. P. Papilaya http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-0220233-Utilization.pdf There are many rules to be followed to assess the safety of navigation, the certifiers and classifiers are responsible for ensuring compliance with all these rules that ensure the integrity of the vessels, however, this is not enough. The Naval District, in which the state of Pará is included, was the first in accidents that occurred in the year 2020 and the third in the year 2021. Due to these accident occurrences, concepts of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning were applied in this area. Aiming to assist in this process, this work proposes to develop an application using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for image recognition (Vessels and plimsoll disk). In this sense, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) learning technique was used to identify the type of ship through a bank of supplied images, the same method was applied to identify if there is accident risk with the ship through the analysis of plimsoll disk images. To perform the training of the CNNs, six different network architectures were evaluated with: changing the number of filters in each convolutional layer; varying the amount of convolutional layers and; using transfer learning of the VGG-16 network with the fine tuning technique. The results achieved in this work are promising and demonstrate the feasibility of employing Convolutional Neural Network as a method for identifying the images of vessels as from the plimsoll disk). http://ijaers.com/detail/convolutional-neural-network-cnn-applied-to-the-risk-analysis-of-accidents-in-vessels-navigating-the-amazon-rivers/ Ariel Victor Do Nascimento, Carolina Costa Ramos, João Antonio Brazão Pantoja, Marcus Pinto da Costa da Rocha, Valcir João Farias da Cunha, Miércio Cardoso de Alcântara Neto, Lucelia Marques Lima da Rocha, André Vinicius da Costa Araujo, Juliana Paula Souza Aires http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-0220237-Convolutional.pdf This research proposes an analysis of the municipality of Barcarena, in the State of Pará, from the use of geoenvironmental and sustainability indicators, with the intention of verifying possible changes in the local landscape due to plant extractivism in the past and current mineral extraction. Specifically, it is intended to understand how geoenvironmental and social sustainability indicators can be used to monitor local changes; evaluate the quality of life in the municipality of the Barcarena, from the use of physical and socio-environmental indicators; propose a system of indicators capable of gathering physical and socio-environmental indicators of sustainability from the discussion on the quality of urban and environmental life observed in the research. For this, research was carried out that presents a qualitative and quantitative character and can be identified as a study that involves a mixed method because it used diversified techniques in an attempt to achieve its objectives, including bibliographic, documentary survey, as well as field research. The results obtained prove that the geoenvironmental indices of the Municipality of Barcarena place it in an intermediate position, a fact that can be proven through the Sustainability Barometer published by the Amazon Foundation for Research in Pará – FAPESPA. This occurrence is because the interests of large mining companies predominate in the region to the detriment of the costs and expenses that could incur initiatives aimed at maintaining and preserving the environment, as well as the absence of effective public policies that ensure the maintenance of socio-environmental well-being in the region. http://ijaers.com/detail/proposal-for-analysis-of-geoenvironmental-sustainability-indicators-for-the-municipality-of-barcarena-in-the-state-of-par/ Rosivan Alves Nilander, Marcelo dos Santos Targa, Celso de Souza Catelani, Angelo Ricardo Balduino http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-01202321-Proposalfor.pdf Environmental certification is a topic that often stands out with its potential in times of consumerist demands from the national and international market. Products registered with the Geographical Indication, whether in the Indication of Origin or Denomination of Origin modalities, emerge as opportunities for valuing the small and medium-sized producer both in terms of qualities inherent to the unique products and in a policy of cultural, ethnic, labor and familiar. In 2019, the conclusion of negotiations for the Association Agreement between the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) and the European Union was announced. The document represents a major advance in economic, political, social and environmental relations between the members of Mercosur and the European Union. Among the topics addressed in the agreement, intellectual property, the protection of GIs, tariff reduction and commercial concessions between the two blocs stand out. Considering the complexity of the subject at the international level, the available information and the little transparency of the Agreement's negotiating process, the article presents an approach on the Geographical Indications system in Brazil, the European Union and Mercosur, and a preliminary analysis of the positive impacts and negatives of the Agreement. As a methodological approach, priority is given to exploratory, bibliographical and documentary research, with descriptive secondary data analysis. It was observed that the industrial, services and primary sectors will be largely affected. In the case of Brazil, agribusiness seems to be the economic segment that will be impacted by the greatest risks and opportunities, especially in terms of Geographical Indications for small and medium-sized producers. http://ijaers.com/detail/mercosur-and-european-union-association-agreement-an-approach-to-geographical-indications-and-positive-and-negative-aspects/ Alisson Murilo Rocha de Andrade, Warley Lopes Martins, Liliane Vieira Martins Leal http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-01202334-Mercosur.pdf With the increase in the number of companies in the last ten years, exploring and identifying opportunities in business creation, with the aim of making them lasting, profitable and successful, has become difficult. The general objective of this research is to understand the process of exploring and identifying opportunities for leading restaurant owners in creating their businesses, from the perspective of effectuation and causation theories, according to Sarasvathy (2001). To achieve the objective of the study, qualitative research of descriptive character was carried out. Data were collected through interviews, with the application of an individual semi-structured questionnaire carried out with four managing owners. For data analysis, the recommendations of Eisenhardt (1989) were followed, which seeks to carry out a data triangulation and analyzes between crossed cases according to the established variables. For the analysis of the dominant logic in the perception of the managing owners during the entrepreneurial process, the Iramuteq software was used to identify the frequency and similarity of the words found in the interviews. As a result of the research, a predominance of the causation profile was found in the business creation process. In the categories of planning process, influence on the idea and predisposition to risks and resource losses, an effectuation profile was identified. Finally, it is possible to state that most of the interviewed managing owners explore and identify opportunities, presenting behaviors of the effectuation profile in the decision-making processes, with the causation profile being identified only in the creation of the enterprise. http://ijaers.com/detail/identification-and-exploitation-process-of-entrepreneurial-opportunities-in-micro-and-small-enterprises-in-chapada-da-ibiapaba-cear-brazil/ Talita Souza Aguiar, Marcela Barbosa de Moraes, Francimeire Farrapo Portela, José Roberto Ferreira de Souza http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9IJAERS-02202316-Identification.pdf In this work, a magnetically separable montmorillonite/Fe3O4 sphere composite (MMT/Fe) was synthesized by a simple polyol thermal method. The characteristics of the as-preparation composites were checked by XRD, SEM, PL technologies. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of the composite products were checked by degradation of Rhodamin B (RhB) under visible light. The results showed that MMT/Fe composite exhibited the high photocatalytic activity for RhB removal under visible light irradiation. The improved photocatalytic activity of MMT/Fe can be ascribed to the low combination rate of photoinduced electron/hole pairs. Especially, MMT/Fe can be recovered easily by using an external magnetic field and posse the high stability after six runs. These properties of the MMT/Fe composites as prepared could be a promising photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dye contaminants. http://ijaers.com/detail/enhanced-photo-fenton-activity-of-fe3o4-spheres-montmorillonite-under-visible-light/ Xuan Sang Nguyen http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10IJAERS-02202314-Enhanced.pdf The search for a balance between the needs of human beings, in the economic and social spheres, and the preservation of natural resources is indispensable. To this end, it is essential to elaborate regulatory policies, a role that the United Nations (UN) has been demonstrating efforts through the proposition of global political commitments, where the 2030 Agenda stands out, composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Another important concept is that of Corporate Social Responsibility, where companies started to adopt a broader business vision, in addition to the obligations required by law, taking responsibility for their impact on society in general. From this, organizational changes also occurred in the field of education, as educational institutions, increasingly competitive, began to include sustainability metrics. The Social Balance has become the tool for disclosing the economic and social performance of organizations. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the Social Balance report of a Higher Education Institution maintainer in relation to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, focusing on the opportunities for improvements yet to be implemented. The object of study was the University of Caxias do Sul Foundation (FUCS). Data collection took place through the publication of the FUCS Social Balance Report with a base date of 2015, where the reported actions were compared with the 17 UN SDGs. It was observed that FUCS is an institution that presents a great initiative regarding actions and projects linked to the SDGs, but lack effective actions aimed at objectives 1, 2, 5 to 7, 11 to 15 and 17, where it has a smaller number of these when compared to the other objectives. Each objective has several specific goals, which require more comprehensive, continuous, systematic and collective efforts with other entities to become effective. http://ijaers.com/detail/comparative-analysis-of-social-reports-from-higher-education-institutions-focusing-on-meeting-the-sdgs-case-study-of-the-university-of-caxias-do-sul/ Bianca Breda, Vania Elisabete Schneider, Bianca Regina Severgnini e Juliano Rodrigues Gimenez http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11IJAERS-01202322-Comparative.pdf This article presents itself as a Milky Moo Franchise Case Study and aims to establish as a general objective an analysis of the characteristics of the franchising company considering the franchise and startup business models. This analysis is based on the problem of nascent enterprises that demand to choose a business model, which in the case of Milky Moo permeated the store model, and establishes itself as a franchise. This study is derived from the following problem question: the Milky Moo business model that presents itself as a franchise can be presented or presented in its timeline characteristics of the startup business model? To answer the problem question and the general objective, this study specifically aims to address concepts about entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneur; identify the basic characteristics of business models typified as franchise and startup; and, verify if Milky Moo has characteristics of the startup business model. This case study is presented as a theoretical study with aspects of applied, exploratory and descriptive research using bibliographic and interview data collection instruments governed by the qualitative research approach. Good base in the literatures of Blank and Dorf (2014); Dornelas (2001, 2018); Melo (2012); Rose (2016); Schiavini (2010); Tjara (2019) and in the interview with the Franchisor of Milky Moo was able to understand the main characteristics of the business model offered by the brand. http://ijaers.com/detail/hydric-software-validation-for-measuring-water-balance/ Marqueyd Araujo Barros, Mauro de Souza Pantoja, David José Oliveira Tozetto, Marizeth Carvalho de Andrade, Kecyani Lima dos Reis, Cèsar Augusto Barata Barletta, Fábio Gonçalves Lima, Jardel Pereira Ribeiro, Marla Cavalca Pantoja, Rômulo Silva De Miranda, Márcia Cristina Arruda Silva, Pamela Cássia Nazareth Gomes Silva Gomes, Yula Gabriela Reis de Sousa, Victor Veras de Alencar Carvalho http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12IJAERS-02202313-HYDRIC.pdf This article presents itself as a Milky Moo Franchise Case Study and aims to establish as a general objective an analysis of the characteristics of the franchising company considering the franchise and startup business models. This analysis is based on the problem of nascent enterprises that demand to choose a business model, which in the case of Milky Moo permeated the store model, and establishes itself as a franchise. This study is derived from the following problem question: the Milky Moo business model that presents itself as a franchise can be presented or presented in its timeline characteristics of the startup business model? To answer the problem question and the general objective, this study specifically aims to address concepts about entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneur; identify the basic characteristics of business models typified as franchise and startup; and, verify if Milky Moo has characteristics of the startup business model. This case study is presented as a theoretical study with aspects of applied, exploratory and descriptive research using bibliographic and interview data collection instruments governed by the qualitative research approach. Good base in the literatures of Blank and Dorf (2014); Dornelas (2001, 2018); Melo (2012); Rose (2016); Schiavini (2010); Tjara (2019) and in the interview with the Franchisor of Milky Moo was able to understand the main characteristics of the business model offered by the brand. http://ijaers.com/detail/entrepreneurship-the-milky-moo-case-can-a-franchise-business-model-present-startup-characteristics-theory-and-practice/ Suelma Rodrigues Duarte, Roseli Vieira Pires, Francisco Alberto Severo de Almeida http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13IJAERS-11202234-Entrepreneurship.pdf Circular economy is a new economic operation mode that emphasizes symbiosis and synergism the formation of an ecological network of resource recycling is its fundamental feature. The article takes the development of ship breaking industry in Sitakunda, Chattogram Division, Bangladesh as a case This paper analyzes on the evolution process and the micro operation law of the circular economy industrial chain, probes into the mechanism of the industrial chain coupling, and advances some countermeasures for promoting the development of the circular economy industrial chain. http://ijaers.com/detail/research-on-the-coupling-mechanism-of-industrial-chain-based-on-circular-economy/ Jourge Shovon Biswas, Dai Hong, Riyadzh Mahmudh, Janiefer Jabbar Jesha, Taha Omar Yaaqob Alssarhi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14IJAERS-02202312-Researchon.pdf During the last 30 years, the globalization process has favored migratory movements. Social networks and websites promoting romantic relationships facilitate women´s marketing from developing to developed countries. To better understand the effects of the patriarchal model and intercultural factors on romantic relationships, we reviewed the recent literature seeking to address the reasons that lead to this type of relationship, and its consequences. For this, we searched for available articles in LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SciELO databases, and 67 articles met the inclusion criteria. The will to improve living conditions may lead to the decision of migrating. However, the statement about "interest" could not be confirmed. Websites contents reflect the patriarchal model of seeking relationships according to the representation of men´s superiority who act as "women´s consumers. A recent study showed that Spanish men seek a relationship with women from developing countries, mainly because they are in a condition of "crisis of masculinity. Studies have shown that immigrant women are more vulnerable to violence, social exclusion, and risks of mental health disorders. The different patterns of aggression, according to gender, are, yet, inconclusive. Through our study, based on the current literature, it was possible to identify a set of factors that lead to migratory flows in the context of romantic relationships and how intercultural couples have conducted to preserve their subjectivities and mental health. http://ijaers.com/detail/cultural-and-biological-aspects-of-romantic-relationships-and-domestic-violence-in-intercultural-couples/ Husten da Silva Carvalho, Rosane de Albuquerque Costa http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15IJAERS-0220238-Cultural.pdf The routing of power distribution and transmission lines is an important step to bring energy and modernize the lives of the population. The process involves complex multiple criteria decision-making. The area of interest must be carefully modeled in weighted and restricted areas based on geospatial data. This paper brings a methodology based on geoprocessing and Voronoi polygons to obtain one of the most important restricted areas in energy distribution lines, the rivers. Rivers are areas that should be avoided when their width exceeds the maximum distance between poles. The methodology consists in generate Voronoi edges from which the medial axis and the width of each point of the river are obtained. Then, a buffer is placed in each vertex of the river higher than a threshold. The result to the case study brings a restricted area of rivers of the State of Parana to help decision-makers in routing distribution energy lines with more assertiveness. http://ijaers.com/detail/river-area-restriction-method-based-on-geoprocessing-and-voronoi-polygons/ Eduardo Chiarani, Elizabete Peixoto, Maricler Toigo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16IJAERS-02202318-River.pdf In this work, the process sequence optimization for double quantum well structure with compound materials AlAsSb/In0.59Ga0.41As/GaAs0.53Sb0.47 is discussed for fabrication purposes. The optimized parameters of the sequences are selected based on the literature study of the materials properties, nanoscale engineering and MBE growth parameters. The thickness of the material layers in the heterostructure is under our control. This is a significant benefit of heterostructures for device construction. In order for uniform epitaxial growth of ternary material AlAsSb, InGaAs and GaAsSb, the deposition time is chosen very slow i.e. 0.5 micrometers per hour during the process in the MBE. http://ijaers.com/detail/process-sequence-optimization-and-structural-analysis-of-nanoscale-heterostructure-using-compound-semiconductors-alassb-in0-59ga0-41as-gaas0-53sb0-47/ Jayprakash Vijay, Divya Bharadwaj, Amit Rathi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/kk.docx