http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us April Introduction: Gynecological cancers are among the most common in women worldwide, with cervical cancer (CC) being the most frequent type and considered an important public health problem. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach, in which 76 women who were being treated for CC in 2020 were interviewed through a questionnaire. The data were entered and reviewed in a program spreadsheet editor and analyzed in a statistical program, where the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables of interest were calculated. Results: It was observed that 27.6% of the women were between 41 and 50 years old, 72.4% were brown, 35.5% had not completed elementary school, 53.9% were married or in a stable relationship, 43.4% had a paid job and 56.6% had a monthly family income of one minimum wage, with 38.2% having menarche at the age of 12 years or less, 65.8% reported their first sexual intercourse at 16 or more years of age, 48.7% had five or more pregnancies, 55.3% had no history of miscarriage, 64.5% used or are using hormonal contraceptives, 60.5% did not undergo regular Pap smear tests and 58.82% had a diagnosis of CC at an advanced stage. Conclusion: Socioeconomic vulnerability, early onset of sexual life, multiparity, low adherence to the preventive examination and diagnosis at na advanced stage were the main characteristics of patients affected by CC. http://ijaers.com/detail/sociodemographic-and-clinical-profile-of-women-with-uterine-cervical-cancer-attended-in-an-oncological-hospital-in-the-state-of-acre-brazil/ Toniel Alves de Souza, Eder Ferreira de Arruda, Sandra Maria Sampaio Enes, Carolina Pontes Soares http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-03202316-Sociodemographic.pdf Considered the sexually transmitted infection (STI) with the highest incidence worldwide, HPV in 1992 was recognized by the WHO as a necessary condition for the development of cervical cancer (CC). Its transmission occurs by direct contact with the squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosa, which can cause benign lesions such as warts and papillomas or malignant lesions such as neoplasia. In balance, the vaginal microbiota consists mainly of gram positive bacilli that have the function of maintaining the health of the genital tract, in addition to preventing infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to correlate changes in the vaginal microbiota with atypical changes in cervical squamous cells. This is an exploratory literature review of 15 articles found in the search sources Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Google Scholar, Lilacs, using keywords “Atypias in Squamous Cells”, “HPV”, “Cancer of the Cervix”, “Vaginal Microbiota”. The imbalance of the normal microbiota can occur due to internal and external factors that provide the total or partial replacement of this environment by other types of bacteria, highlighting the role of Gardnrella vaginalis, which causes bacterial vaginosis (BV). Studies suggest that the presence of BV may be a cofactor for HPV infection. According to some authors, the composition of the vaginal microbiota associated with infection by the HPV virus can be explained by conditions of alkalinization of the vaginal pH, increasing susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, which automatically increases the risk of HPV infection. In a study carried out in London, it was revealed that women with the presence of BV and, respectively, a reduction in Lactobacillus ssp., associated with the worsening of the disease, represent a greater risk of developing precursor lesions of CC. Given the above, it was possible to establish a relationship between changes in the vaginal microbiota and atypical cellular changes in the cervix. In this way, it was verified the importance of the stable vaginal microbiota for the health of the uterus, and that in conditions of imbalance, it provides an inhospitable environment for the normal microbiota, favoring the proliferation of bacteria that make the vaginal environment susceptible to HPV infections. This, in turn, promotes precursor lesions, which, when not diagnosed and treated in time, can result in the development of invasive cervical lesions. http://ijaers.com/detail/association-of-bacterial-vaginosis-to-atypia-in-squamous-cells-of-the-cervix/ Natalia Ferreira Carvalheiro, Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto, Julliano Matheus de Lima Maux, Luciano Lobo Gatti, Gabriel Vitor da Silva Pinto http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-03202323-Association.pdf The gestational diabetes is a complication that occurs during pregnancy characterized by an increase in the glycemic index (increase in blood sugar level) discovered for the first time during pregnancy. Objective: to describe the importance of multidisciplinary care for pregnant women with diabetes. Methodology: this was an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach. Results: The teamwork of points out assistance strategies, health maintenance and quality of life, pointed out the main health education actions based on scientific technical knowledge and skills of multidisciplinary competence to develop health education that contribute to the effectiveness of self-care by through modifying or maintaining healthy habits and strengthening self-confidence. Conclusion: It is necessary to prioritize actions related to health promotion and prevention of complications, making educational interventions essential in care, favoring the empowerment of people with chronic conditions. http://ijaers.com/detail/multiprofessional-care-for-a-patient-with-gestational-diabetes/ Vitor da Costa Nogueira, Eleonam Cleysson Tavares Brito, Jéssica Fernanda Mateus Noronha, João Baptista de Castro Netto, João Guilherme Barroso e Silva, Marco Antonio Miranda Pereira Filho, Maria Clara Mapurunga Guimarães, Maria Heloise Rosende Sampaio, Pedro Assis Rocha, Pedro Augusto Ximenes DE lira, Luis Felipe Cutrim Martins http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-03202312-Multiprofessional.pdf The effect of climate change on the morphometric features of the Ekole River in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, is investigated in this study. The study employs morphometric analysis, which includes area, perimeter, mean stream length, drainage density, stream frequency, and basin length, as well as other factors like elongation ratio, form factor, shape factor, relief ratio, and density, with the assistance of the Shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) and ArcGIS software. The Ekole River has an area of 83.76 km2 and a perimeter of 100.75 km, according to the findings. The average stream length was 0.41 km, and the average bifurcation ratio was 2.15. The drainage density was 2.28 km/km2 and the stream frequency was 5.56. The elogation ratio, form factor, shape factor, and relief ratio were also determined to be 0.20, 0.32 km/km, 3.14, and 3.11, respectively. These findings reveal that the Ekole River has a comparatively low discharge density and a dendritic drainage structure. The elongation ratio, form factor, and relief ratio, on the other hand, indicate that the basin of the river is comparatively elongated and narrow, with low relief. The present condition of the Ekole River is thought to be the result of climate change, which has impacted the river's hydrological processes. Finally, this research sheds light on the effects of climate change on the Ekole River and its morphometric features. Climate change has changed the river's hydrological processes and affected its morphometric parameters, according to the results. http://ijaers.com/detail/morphometric-analysis-of-the-ekole-river-as-a-consequence-of-climate-change-a-case-study-in-yenagoa-bayelsa-state-nigeria/ Jonathan Lisa Erebi, Digha Opaminola Nicholas http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-0420238-Morphometric.pdf On Tuesday May 28th, 2013, the billionaire and philanthropist Mr. Bill Gates attended a Q&A session at the University of New South Wales. During the session, a lady asked him: “Mr. Gates, Dead Aid, a book by Dambisa Moyo, illustrates that giving more aid to Africa over the course of the years did not alleviate poverty, instead it kept the economy crippled with governments asking for more aid. This fluke made a cycle of aid giving which resulted in nothing productive and it has not been used to solve the immediate problems and the money is not being used to make businesses sustainable in Africa. What’s the foundation’s view in this regard?” To which Mr. Gates responded “Books like that are promoting evil”. Mr. Gates’ sound bite sheds light upon aid as a topic of controversy: in his creed, aid is humane, virtuous and will do the global poor a world of good while anti-aid literature is evil. From Tibor Mende and his famous book "From aid to the re-colonization" (bestseller in the 70s) to Dambisa Moyo and her book "Dead Aid", the issue of assistance to poor countries has been much talked about. Between the fifteen billion dollars transferred to Europe under the Marshall Plan and the thousand billion dollars sucked up by the sub-Saharan Africa since independence, we have come to understand that a poorly-designed assistance automatically produces state-aid recipients. In this paper we will endeavor to weigh the geopolitical and geo-economic impacts of aid and demonstrate why aid, presumably an altruistic deed for the benefit of the poor and the needy, has sparked such a hot debate. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-illusion-of-a-marshall-plan-for-africa/ Abdelhamid Nechad, Meryem Bahha, Mohammed Rhalma http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-0320236-TheIllusion.pdf The efforts made in black Africa in general and in Togo in particular for the preservation of vegetation have had unsatisfactory results. New approaches deserve to be adopted in order to attenuate the anthropic pressures exerted on the vegetation. Taking into account one of the panoply of factors to be examined, this study aims to identify the perceptions of players in the wood- energy market in the western part of the Plateaux Region in Togo in order to better direct their actions towards the protection and preservation of vegetation. The methodological approach of this study is based on the classic methodology of geographical research: field observation, documentary research, interviews and field survey. The results reveal that 16 per cent of the producers recognize that their activities strongly degrade the vegetation. 6 per cent of collectors and 3 per cent of traders have the same perception. In addition, 78 per cent of producers, 82 per cent of collectors and 65 per cent of retailers declared a slight degradation of the plant cover from their activities. The secondary actors, in particular stevedores, shippers and transporters or carriers, unanimously do not recognize the contribution of the wood-energy market to this mechanism. http://ijaers.com/detail/perceptions-of-players-in-the-wood-energy-market-on-the-effects-of-their-activities-on-the-dynamics-of-the-vegetation-cover-in-the-western-part-of-the-plateaux-region-in-togo/ Komla Uwolowudu Amegna http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-03202317-Perceptions.pdf One of the final processed products from coconut that is popular in Indonesia, even in several other countries, for the last 3 years is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), which is processed directly from coconut meat. Processing of these products is part of the application of Applied Technology in the development of Coconut commodity products, and is very affordable in terms of production costs for the people in Belu district, NTT province, which has a land border between the Republic of Indonesia and Timor Leste, where the people does not well know about VCO processing technology accordance with quality standards. This study aims to analyze rancidity of VCO produced by gradual heating method on the effect of fermentation time by determining parameters of water content, peroxide value, and free fatty acid content based on the applicable Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Each parameter has been fermented for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours as a treatment in this observation and analyzed in a descriptive way through the results chart. The results showed that the treatment for 2 hours, 6 hours and 10 hours had a moisture content of 0,15%; 0,12%; 0,1% then free fatty acid content is 0,09%; 0,10%; 0,11% and also peroxide value 0,52 mg ek/kg respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that each test result is still below the threshold value according to the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7381:2008. http://ijaers.com/detail/vco-rancidity-analysis-refers-to-fermentation-time-that-produced-by-gradual-heating-method/ Toar Daniel Malingkas, Nelly Selvia Tongkeles, Damianus Manesi, Resti Fadillah, Onesimus Ke Lele, Desak Ketut Tri Martini, Elesta Banamtuan http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-0420233-VCO.pdf Threats to food security for the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country are still occurring where the government is still opening import faucets, especially for food products. For this reason, Indonesia needs to build food self-sufficiency by optimizing its potential and resources, one of which is through the use of post-harvest technology. Utilization of post-harvest technology can be carried out on all types of commodities, one of which is coconut. Coconut as a leading commodity in the agricultural sector is a multifunctional plant and can grow in all regions of Indonesia. Even though there are a lot of coconut products in all regions of Indonesia, especially in the regions, the availability of technology to improve the quality of post-harvest production is still low. Therefore this study aims to design a coconut peeler machine. The results of the research are in the form of a portable coconut peeler with a servo motor that can be applied in rural areas to be used by farmers to increase the productivity of post-harvest coconut management. The development of this research has several updates, namely a type of portable tool that is easy to carry anywhere http://ijaers.com/detail/design-and-building-of-servo-motor-portable-coconut-peller-machine/ Damianus Manesi, Imanuel A. Tnunay, Elkana B Lopo, Jemssy R. Rohi, Boy Bistolen http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-04202314-Design.pdf The study examined the quality of groundwater in Yenagoa, a metropolitan area, using Geographic Information System (GIS)-based methods such as Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research emphasizes the crucial nature of protecting and managing groundwater quality in this region, as it is vulnerable to contamination. The spatial distribution patterns of groundwater quality in the area are depicted in this article. The physicochemical properties of fifty (50) water samples are directly related to residents' environmental and health status. The physicochemical parameters measured using the American Public Health Association procedure (APHA)—including pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulphate, nitrate, sodium, chloride, and total hardness—were below the limit established by WHO (2011). Iron in most boreholes is found to be above the WHO standard for drinking water. With the help of ArcGIS software, these results were modeled using the inverse distance-weighted method to provide the spatial pattern of groundwater. The spatial distribution map delineates groundwater suitability zones of 55% and unsuitability zones of 45% for groundwater extraction of water points in yenagoa affected by high iron content. As a result, GIS is a powerful tool for making critical decisions in waste management-related issues, such as identifying areas where waste management practices may be deficient and allowing for targeted initiatives to improve waste management practices and reduce waste's negative impact on the ecosystem and public health. http://ijaers.com/detail/water-quality-assessment-using-gis-based-multi-criteria-evaluation-mce-and-analytical-hierarchy-process-ahp-methods-in-yenagoa-bayelsa-state-nigeria/ Eteh Desmond Rowland, Samuel Oseji, Erazua Iziegbe, Osi Nnamdi Claude, Abaye Ebinyo Oreikio http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9IJAERS-0420237-WaterQuality.pdf Care for cancer patients, in addition to its complexity, involves physical, psychological, social, spiritual and economic aspects, since the term, cancer is still much stigmatized and brings with it the idea of death, prejudice and taboos. An important component in cancer patient care that is essential to life is communication, which allows for the transmission and understanding of messages and influences interpersonal relationships and the behavior of the people involved. In this context, the present study aimed to: Analyze the role of nurses in welcoming children with cancer and the return of these patients to the respective treatment. The methodological framework: This is a bibliographic review, conducted through original and complex studies, published in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BSV and Google Academico, between 2010 and 2022. The results indicate that the exercise of humanized care provided to the patient/child is a favorable practice, as it establishes the team-patient bond. Understanding the fragility of the patient at this stage, the nurse assumes a commitment to pre-establish nursing care in partnership, together with the other professionals of the multiprofessional team, in order to meet the patient's needs, and with a view, mainly, to to quality and effective treatment. Thus, this study concludes that humanized care becomes fundamental to go beyond a traditional service, verbal and non-verbal communication in a therapeutic way in which expressions and gestures can mean a lot to the patient, providing greater patient adherence to the proposed treatment. http://ijaers.com/detail/childhood-pediatric-cancer-nursing-care-in-oncopediatrics-with-a-central-focus-on-humanization/ Joelma Erculano Bragança Montovanelli, Adgeane Batista de Araújo, Erika Ferreira Silva Bittencourt, Hentony Clayton Lima Pinto , Vanessa Soares dos Reis de Marins, Luciana Teixeira Chaves Rodrigues, Luciana Santos de Santana, Gleisimar Lima Silva, Elizamar de Souza Silva, Josiane Alves dos Santos, Welesmar Barros dos Santos, Cleitineia da Silva Souza, Renata Perfetti de Souza, Hedelson José da Silva, Amanda Soares de Souza, Dulcilene Custódio da Cruz, Patricia Santos De Souza, Gleison Faria, Flaviane Cristina da Silva, Edson Alan Mora Cavalheiro, Aline de Souza Gude, Francisco Leandro Soares de Souza, Tais Loutarte Oliveira, Renata Gatto de Morais, Rhamayana Maria da Conceição, Vitória de Oliveira Peres, Daniele Silva de Almeida, Aline Fontes Alves, Cleidiane Barbosa Malaquias, Solange da Silva Boni, Letícia Ferreira Gomes, Michele Alves Primo, Marco Rogério da Silva, Andriele Vancini Sanches, Rayanne Cavalcante do Nascimento http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10IJAERS-04202315-Childhood.pdf Photosynthesis is the main metabolic process for guaranteeing life on earth, through energy transfer relationships in the food chain. Studying this magnificent process is an immense privilege for those who have it. Nowadays, the carbon balance has gained a lot of space regarding the photosynthetic characterization of species, but its use can mask the real results of photosynthesis, which by the way is a process of energy production and transport. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a logical reasoning, through simple equations, to calculate the energy produced during the species cycles of C3 and C4 metabolisms, based on the volume of water absorbed and transpired by the plant. http://ijaers.com/detail/calculating-gross-photosynthesis-in-c3-and-c4-metabolisms/ Benjamim Pereira da Costa Neto http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11IJAERS-0220231-Calculating.pdf Associativism has been an important tool for Amazonian communities to guarantee territorial rights, to recognize traditionality and to access public policies. This article is the result of a case study, with qualitative bias, with interview techniques and dialogues with leaders. It shows how the transition from a socio-cultural association to a socio-economic and political one added to the São Francisco do Mainã community to retake their territorial rights usurped by the Brazilian State in the 1970s, for the installation of the Center of Instruction of War in the Forest (CIGS), administered by the Brazilian Army. The association, with socio-economic and political purposes, influenced public and private institutions in order to access programs, projects and public policies of rural development. The results of this process are the recognition of the traditionality of the community, which has lived in the area for over 100 years with the possibility of managing production actions and living with the Army in their areas, and having access to governmental programs such as Luz para Todos and agricultural production incentive ones, in addition to reinforcement of community spirit and mutual commitment between farmers. http://ijaers.com/detail/associativism-as-strategy-of-reaching-territorial-rights-programs-projects-and-public-policies-of-rural-development-the-case-of-the-s-o-francisco-do-main-community-manaus-am/ Lindomar de Jesus de Sousa Silva, Gilmar Antonio Meneghetti, José Olenilson Costa Pinheiro, Alessandro Carvalho, Marcos Roberto Brito de Carvalho, Rafael de Lima Erazo, Francisco Mateus da Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12IJAERS-0420236-Associativism.pdf This work aims to present a sustainable and promising technology for the environment, in view of the quality of water and rivers contaminated with drugs and lack of sewage treatment. We highlight the Constructed Wetlands technique built so that, in an ecologically correct and low cost, contamination in waters is reduced. The research carried out consists of an integrative review with a basic purpose and a quali-quantitative approach and the Science Direct database was use. The selection of works include review and research articles published between 2010 and 2021. Works that did not deal with phytoremediation through constructed swamps and research with synthetic effluents were excluded, with only those dealing with surface water and effluents from sewage treatment and water treatment plants. Thus, this review was carried out on a basis of 25 articles. For the application of WC, basins, ponds or shallow lakes are built and substrate and vegetation are applied to them. Projects can and should be done individually, depending on the characteristics of the water and the parameters needed to be achieved. In addition, issues such as available area and topography of the environment should be observed. For this study, observing the analysis of a several parameters and configurations, it was demonstrated that WCs is greater efficiency than conventional water treatments. Thus, a system that combines conventional treatments with WC will have greater efficiency in water treatment, being a promising alternative in relation to improvement at low cost, benefiting Public Health. http://ijaers.com/detail/constructed-wetlands-technology-for-removing-drug-concentration-from-water/ Krisna Ridzi Kathar, Naema Wasim, Simone da Silva, Alexandre dos Santos Pyrrho, Márcia C.B.N. Varricchio http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13IJAERS-03202318-Constructed.pdf Pleurotus citrinopileatus, also known in Vietnam as golden oyster mushroom, is a food rich in protein, fiber, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals. In particular, in the composition of yellow oyster mushrooms, there is β -1.3 - glucan with high biological activity as an active ingredient contributing to the intense stimulation of immunity. The study researched the process of extracting Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom by the assisted extraction of a combination of ultrasonic waves and pyrolysis in an aqueous solvent at 100°C, then evaluation of the biological activity of the extract to orient the application of functional foods to support cancer treatment. Some of the conditions of the Pleurotus citrinopileatus extraction process documented through the study are as follows: The solvent used for extraction was water, sodium chloride salt was used as a catalyst, with a ratio of 1g NaCl:100 ml of solution, the sample was ultrasonically processed for 60 min and magnetic stirred at 100°C for 2 hours, the concentration of Na2CO3 participating in the reaction was 20%, HCl concentration was 2M, the ratio of IPA treatment/mushroom residue was 1:1 (v/v). From Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom powder, the research team successfully obtained β- glucan. http://ijaers.com/detail/study-of-the-extraction-process-of-the-pleurotus-citrinopileatus-mushroom-and-evaluation-of-the-biological-activity-of-the-extract/ Thanh Xuan Nguyen Thi, Phuong Anh Nguyen Thi, Mai Anh Le, Hoang Anh Nguyen, Manh Ha Nguyen, Hoai Phuong Nguyen Thi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14IJAERS-04202311-Study.pdf