http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us November Besides being a renewable fuel, liquid hydrogen would potentiate nuclear thermal propulsion systems on missions to Mars. However, using liquid hydrogen requires carrying large tanks on space trips, which is challenging since rockets have a limited volume available and space related travel costs are mass related, with increased costs for increasing mass. Therefore, producing liquid hydrogen on Mars becomes fundamental for missions back to Earth. Previous research has primarily relied on producing Martian carbon dioxide fuel, however, a pioneer system of artificial liquid hydrogen production on Mars was studied to feasibly make trips to the red planet and lower the costs of space missions. The system involves extracting water from Martian artificial glaciers to produce artificial hydrogen through water electrolysis. Analyzing the system under Martian conditions proved that the model could theoretically be deployed on Mars. With theoretical and practical research, it will be possible to build a safe, effective, and realistic system of artificial liquid hydrogen production on Mars for nuclear thermal propulsion. http://ijaers.com/detail/production-of-artificial-liquid-hydrogen-on-mars-for-nuclear-thermal-propulsion/ Luiza Ramos Ferauche, Eleonore Cassandra Poli http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-0520236-Production.pdf This study aims to investigate the control benefits of rotary wing aircraft systems through the Simulink simulation platform. A hexacopter aircraft is a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) powered by the operation of six rotors, which has important theoretical and practical application value. Firstly, the body structure and working principle of the hexacopter aircraft are proposed. Then, a mathematical model of the hexacopter aircraft is established to support the design of subsequent control strategies. Next, compare the differences between the classical PID controller design and the fuzzy PID controller design methods for aircraft control systems and verify them through simulation experiments. The simulation results show that compared with the classical PID controller, the fuzzy PID controller can stabilize the aircraft at the target position faster when subjected to various types of disturbances and have good practicality, stability, speed, and accuracy. Based on this, future research can further explore the application of other advanced control strategies in aircraft control systems and their prospects in practical engineering. http://ijaers.com/detail/fuzzy-pid-controller-analysis-for-the-hexacopter-aircraft-using-simulink-simulation/ Jiahui Feng, Yuhui Luo, Zixian Huang, Rueiyuan Wang, Rongguei Tsai, Raojun Luo, Chaoxiong Su, Hosheng Chen http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-1120243-Fuzzy.pdf [1] ALMEIDA, Bernardus Kelner Carvalho de et al. Animal welfare in beef cattle: literature review. Brazilian Journal of Health Review , vol. 7, no. 1, p. 3642-3653, 2024.[2] AMARAL, Jackson Barros do et al. Humane slaughter and stunning in cattle from the perspective of forensic veterinary medicine: Review. Pubvet , v. 13, p. 148, 2019.[3] BRAZIL. Normative Instruction No. 3 of January 17 , 2000. Provides for the technical regulation of stunning methods for the humane slaughter of butcher animals. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply, 2000.[4] An approach to the financial impact of promoting animal welfare in cattle production: ... the financial impact of promoting animal welfare in cattle production . Coopex Magazine . , v. 15, no. 02, p. 4882-4903, 2024.[5] BROOM, Donald M. Animal welfare. Animal Behavior , v. 2, p. 457-482, 2011.[6] CARVALHO, Camila Lopes et al. Animal welfare of cattle and pigs at slaughter: ordinance 365. Science and animal health , v. 9, n. 2, p. 142-161, 2021.[7] CEBALLOS, Maria Camila; SANT'ANNA, Aline Cristina. Evolution of animal welfare science: A brief review of conceptual and methodological aspects. Academic Journal of Animal Science , v. 16, p. 1-24, 2018.[8] COUTO, Luzia Almeida; OUZA COQUEIRO, Jéssica S. Ouza ; MARTINS, Natalia Cristina Gonçalves. Animal welfare in beef cattle farming: a systematic review. Profiscientia , n. 14, p. 176-193, 2020.[9] FRASER, David. Understanding Animal Welfare: science in its cultural context . Eduel , 2024.[10] LOTTI, Juliana Tamires; JUNIOR, Edemar Ferrarezi. ANIMAL WELFARE IN BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION: a bibliographic review. Interface Tecnológica Journal , v. 20, n. 2, p. 690-699, 2023.[11] MENDES, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro; MARTINS, Athila Damasceno. Rotational pasture management in beef cattle farming with emphasis on animal welfare: literature review. Facit Business and Technology Journal , v. 1, n. 37, 2022.[12] MENDONCA, Pamela Stéfani Melo; CAETANO de Oliveira, Graciele Araújo. Slaughter of cattle: Considerations on humane slaughter and bloody jugulation . Pubvet , v. 11, p. 1188-1297, 2017.[13] MORAES, Fernanda Jacobus et al. Welfare in pre-slaughter and humane slaughter management and quality characteristics of beef: a literature review. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research , vol. 7, no. 2, p. e70051-e70051, 2024.[14] ROÇA, Roberto de Oliveira. Humane slaughter of cattle. Journal of Continuing Education in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of CRMV-SP , v. 4, n. 2, p. 73-85, 2001.[15] SILVA, Daniel Ferreira da. Good animal welfare practices in beef cattle production: review. Undergraduate Course Completion Work—University of Brasília, School of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine. 2018.[16] SOUZA, Suellen da Cunha; RIBEIRO, Laryssa Freitas. Application of animal welfare and humane slaughter of cattle to ensure meat quality. GeTeC Journal , v. 10, n. 28, 2021.[17] VENANCIO, Salete Andrade et al. Assessment of animal welfare in pre-slaughter and slaughter of cattle in a slaughterhouse in the Purus-Acre region. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research , vol. 7, no. 2, p. e69084-e69084, 2024. http://ijaers.com/detail/challenges-and-solutions-for-implementing-humanitarian-slaughter-of-cattle-in-brazil-a-focus-on-animal-welfare/ Wanessa Soares Luiz Silva, André Reuter Lima Mota, Henrique Lopes Miranda, Felipe Rodrigues Pinto, Livia Santos da Rocha, Elane Soares da Silva Dalmasio, Ledivan Honofrio Marchiori, Lucas Prates da Silva Trindade, Luan Ferreira da Silva, Daniel Rodrigues Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-10202454-Challenges.pdf This research formulates the water surface elevation equation for water waves, yielding periodic cnoidal and solitary wave profiles. The equation is derived by integrating the Kinematic Free Surface Boundary Condition with respect to time. The relationships among wave period, wave amplitude, and proportional wavelength facilitate the generation of both cnoidal and solitary wave profiles. In deep water, where wave dynamics are unaffected by the sea bottom, only cnoidal wave profiles are produced. In contrast, solitary profiles emerge through the shoaling-breaking process as waves approach shallower depths. http://ijaers.com/detail/periodic-water-waves-cnoidal-and-solitary-profiles/ Syawaluddin Hutahaean http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-1120244-Periodic.pdf The relentless pursuit of renewable energy has driven significant advancements in wind turbine technology, with material innovation playing a pivotal role. This paper explores the intricate relationship between materials and wind turbine performance, exploring the properties, advantages, limitations, and risks associated with traditional and emerging materials, including fiberglass, carbon fiber, bio-based composites, nanomaterials, and hybrid composites. The paper examines the complex interplay between material selection and blade design. Optimized designs can mitigate failure mechanisms like delamination, cracking, and erosion. By analyzing case studies and leveraging advanced simulation techniques, the paper assesses the impact of various materials on blade lifespan, performance, and environmental impact. As we look to the future, sustainability and recyclability emerge as critical considerations. The paper discusses the potential of bio-based materials and innovative manufacturing techniques to reduce the environmental footprint of wind energy. By understanding the materials science, we can unlock the full potential of wind power and accelerate the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-science-behind-the-wind-materials-driving-wind-energy-s-future-overview/ Charitidis J. Panagiotis http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-1120247-TheScience.pdf Wavelet transform is a widely used method in the field of signal analysis, and its application effect depends largely on the selection of wavelet decomposition level. In view of the unknown original signal, this paper transforms the selection of wavelet decomposition level into a model selection problem through statistical modeling, and then analyzes and presents wavelet selection information criteria (WSIC) of orthogonal wavelet transform level selection from the perspective of model selection. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify and compare the effect of the WSIC information criteria with AIC and BIC criteria on wavelet level selection. The results show that the level accuracy of WSIC is up to 15.1% higher than that of AIC criterion and up to 14.3% higher than that of BIC criterion, indicating that WSIC criterion has better stability in selecting wavelet decomposition level than that of AIC and BIC criterion in existing literatures. http://ijaers.com/detail/wsic-criterion-for-decomposition-level-selection-of-orthogonal-wavelet-transform/ Yimei Zheng, Cheng Liu, Yan Fang http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-1120245-WSIC.pdf Charge Neutralization Process ( CNP ) unifies all forces in nature, creates matter and life and constantly keeps the whole universe in an equilibrium state. Electron and proton are elementary particles which estimated decay time is 65 billion years, what is the other name for eternity. This article argues that univese is governed by uniqe process - Charge Neutralization Process – CNP. CNP constantly acts through whole universe, forcing elementary particles ( electrons and protons ), to form and sustain elecrically neutral material products, listed in Periodic Table of Elements. http://ijaers.com/detail/creativity-process-is-charge-neutralization-process/ Pavle Vesic http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-1120248-Creativity.pdf This study focuses at the creation and examination of heterostructures made of compound semiconductor materials Ga0.6In0.4P/Al0.3Ga0.2In0.5P for visible light application. The study explores the electronic and optical properties for the proposed heterostructure, mainly in relation to optoelectronic applications. Additionally, the structure's response to external parameters variations is modeled to assess its tenability with emission wavelength. Remarkably, the designed structure exhibits robust stability, particularly at ambient temperatures. The solution of the 6×6 Hamiltonian matrix, along with the application of the Luttinger-Kohn model is used to calculate the band structure with consideration to the conduction band. http://ijaers.com/detail/optimized-modeling-of-gainp-algainp-heterostructure-for-visible-light-band-structure-carrier-transport-and-optical-gain/ Jayprakash Vijay, Divya Sharma http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-11202414-Optimized.pdf