http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us July To describe the self-perceived health of informal female caregivers when caring for dependent older adults at home. Methods: This descriptive, exploratory, quantitative-qualitative included ten females with a mean age of 54 years residing in a Portuguese insular context. The data collection tool was a questionnaire survey with one open-ended question about feelings and a scale about symptoms. Results: Ethical and moral issues, the duty to reward those providing care, the nobility of caring, and benefits for the dependent older adults sustain positive feelings, while negative feelings concern caregivers, namely, routine changes, misunderstanding, distress, anguish for witnessing irreversible transformations of the person cared for, and harm to health. The perceived physical and psychological symptoms (in descending order per the observed means) were tiredness, physical and mental exhaustion, general fatigue, decreased strength and endurance, nervousness, irritability, anxiety and insomnia, back pain, stomach pain, and depression. Conclusions: This study did not explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic situation on the health of the participants but showed that caring for dependent older adults at home strongly impacts the life and health of informal caregivers. The feelings and symptoms perceived by informal caregivers can also affect the lives of dependent older adults. An accurate assessment of the event in the region is crucial to increase effective public policies aimed at informal caregivers, a group increasingly essential in an aging contemporary society. http://ijaers.com/detail/health-of-informale-female-caregivers-of-dependent-older-adults/ Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira Capelo, Rita Maria Baptista Lemos Silva, António José de Olim Marote Quintal, Christina César Praça Brasil, João André Ferreira Capelo, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de Oliveira, Raimunda Magalhães Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-05202410-Health.pdf Through the ages, breasts have played multiple roles, ranging from a source of nourishment to a source of pleasure and a symbol of femininity. The loss of these not only poses challenges of a physical nature but also prominent psychological disturbances, especially when associated with the context of breast cancer. In the current period, it is observed that an estimated contingent of 2.3 million individuals faced this arduous battle in the year 2020 (according to data from INCA - Instituto Nacional de Câncer), a struggle that left a myriad of physical scars and psychological traumas in its wake. Among the painful sequels, the deprivation of the areola stands out, whose reconstruction, unlike the breasts themselves, presents a notably more complex challenge. Regardless of the gender of the affected person and the circumstances that led to the deprivation of that essential part of their integrity, it is imperative that all those who experience such misfortune receive unconditional support. It was in this spirit of solidarity that a meticulously crafted silicone prosthesis was conceived, with the purpose of reproducing the lost areola(s) for those affected by this painful situation. This piece is remarkable in its total customization, adapting precisely to a wide range of models. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that its application does not require surgical procedures, thus enabling the restoration of self-confidence and the sparkle in the eyes of those who have already suffered too much. It is pertinent to emphasize that this innovative endeavor received valuable support from the facilities of the FABLAB "Espaço Maker" of Colégio Puríssimo, equipped with devices such as scanners and 3D printers. With the guidance provided by specialized literature in the areas of reverse engineering, human anatomy, psychoanalysis, art history, and humanity, a deep knowledge was obtained that constituted secure foundations for the practices adopted in this context. http://ijaers.com/detail/afrodite-project-proposal-of-biocompatible-nipples-for-patients-with-breast-cancer-and-victims-of-accidents/ Filippi Benevenutto Ongarelli , Huemerson Maceti, Júlia Reis Marques, Patrícia Dário Bertasso, Nicole Isabelle Borge Fernandes http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-06202412-Afrodite.pdf Over the past decades, global warming has been widely discussed around the world. Along with the phenomenon itself, it is also discussed the fact that one of its main causes is the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere, which in turn are produced by cars and other means of transportation. About the situation, it has become common for environmental issues to be explored and the tendency of large automobile companies to start the production of vehicles that do not use fossil fuels, in addition to seeking solutions also related to the format of these vehicles. However, such solutions have several flaws, because they are rarely accessible to the population, in addition to using different energy sources that are still harmful to the environment. Another obstacle that can be noted is the lack of interest of the population in other types of vehicles that are not common or convenient and that require some adaptability. New solutions must be created so that economic, social and ecological aspects are met. In this way, the development and execution of a personal car called EcoQuad is presented, whose purpose has an educational and political character, thus seeking to promote a new style of production based on the hybridization of electric and solar photovoltaic energy. As a scientific character, the development of this project aims to prove the ecological and efficient aspects that can be achieved together through the hybrid energy system described. Because it is a hybrid vehicle, powered by batteries and solar panels that work together, the cost benefit is superior to ordinary vehicles, because with the correct distribution of energy used from the battery bank and solar modules, vehicle maintenance will be more affordable and less frequent. For such an experiment to be possible to be executed, it is concluded the need to expand the technological nationalization, which would make the project commercially viable. The project was guided by teachers and executed by high school students from Colégio Puríssimo Coração de Maria, ICM Education Network, and was presented at the Brazilian Science and Engineering Fair (FEBRACE) in 2023, winning 1st place in the Engineering category and 4th place overall in the largest Science and Engineering Fair in Latin America. http://ijaers.com/detail/ecoquad-device-for-sustainable-transport-by-hybridization-of-electricity-and-photovoltaic-solar-energy/ Filippi Benevenuto Ongarelli, Huemerson Maceti, Angelo Cezar Semencio Filho, Bruno de Oliveira dos Santos, Gustavo Zotin Gomes de Oliveira, Thais Mamprin, Lucas Antunes Soares Moreira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-06202414-EcoQuad.pdf The growing research interest on family businesses motivated this study, which aimed to assess the family control impact in the relationship between contingency variables and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), and its influence on organizational performance. ERMI was quantified based on the index proposed by Gordon et al (2009). The results show that, although the literature substantially relates the use of risk management, to non-family firms, family firms that have higher risk management index, also have an effect on performance. This may suggest that family ownership type positively influences ERM use, consequently influences in a higher market performance. The results of this study contribute to literature and organizational studies on ownership type impact in the relationship between ERM and contingency variables, by confirming the inferences that family firms that have higher ERMI, present better market performance. http://ijaers.com/detail/family-or-non-family-ownership-type-impact-in-the-enterprise-risk-management-a-contingency-perspective/ Michael de Alencar Silva, Marcia Zanievicz da Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-0720243-Family.pdf The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between investor sentiment and the return on the first day of an IPO, moderated by emerging market risk factors, from 2013 to 2021. The sample included 105 companies that carried out an IPO in this period. The econometric method used was the regression analysis. As main results, it was observed that investor sentiment, measured by market variables and trading volume, positively affected returns on the first day of the IPO, even when moderated by idiosyncratic country risk factors. Thus, the research hypotheses were accepted. In addition to the debate on the influence of investor sentiment on the performance of IPOs, the theoretical contribution of the research involves the empirical expansion of the effects of country risk factors. Therefore, it was concluded that investors seek returns on the first day of the IPO, considering their sentiment towards the market and reacting positively to the risk factors of emerging markets. http://ijaers.com/detail/influence-of-the-investor-s-short-term-horizon-on-ipo-performance-an-emerging-markets-perspective/ Michael de Alencar Silva, Tarcísio Pedro da Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-0720244-Influence.pdf The relationship between wave amplitude and other wave constants is derived through the integration of the Kinematic Free Surface Boundary Condition (KFSBC) over time, yielding the wave amplitude function. This function presents the characteristics of wave breaking to determine the breaker length index—the ratio of breaking wave height to breaking wave length. Previous research achieved integration at a zero-order accuracy level, assuming small wave amplitude and long wave, resulting in a notably large critical breaker length index and wave steepness. In this research, KFSBC integration was advanced to second and third-order accuracies, yielding a wave amplitude function that significantly reduces the critical breaker length index and wave steepness compared to zero-order integration. Subsequently, utilizing the third-order wave amplitude function, a comprehensive wave transformation model incorporating shoaling, breaking, refraction, and diffraction was developed, demonstrating robust model performance. http://ijaers.com/detail/enhanced-integration-of-kinematic-free-surface-boundary-condition-to-third-order-accuracy-for-wave-transformation-modeling/ Syawaluddin Hutahaean http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-0720247-Enhanced.pdf This work presents the results of Geological Modeling and resource estimation of a salt deposit, in an eastern margin basin of the Espirito Santo state - Brazil. This work had, among other objectives, the geological evaluation of the evaporite sequence in the onshore part of the basin and delimitation of the area of occurrence of soluble salts. Therefore, the object of study focuses on the Mariricu Formation, which is composed of the fluvial continental Mucuri and evaporitic Itaúnas members. It is the essentially evaporitic unit, in which the rock salt deposit is found. Through modeling, a total resource of the order of 4.65x109t were estimated. Which are grouped into the following categories: measured resources of the order of 4,38x109t, with an average of 85,40% NaCl, indicated resources 0,23x109t, with an average of 84,63% NaCl and inferred resources 2,1x106t, with an average of 76,63% NaCl. These are interesting resources and should be considered. http://ijaers.com/detail/resource-estimation-in-a-rock-salt-deposit-brazil-a-case-study/ José Batista Siqueira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-0720246-Resource.pdf Stomach cancer is a neoplastic pathology affecting the inner lining cells of this digestive organ, representing a significant public health concern globally due to its mortality and the strain it places on health systems. Various risk factors are associated with this neoplasm, such as age, sex, color/race, diet, among others. In the northern region, stomach cancer is the second most common type of neoplasm among men. Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions for stomach cancer in the northern region of Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Methodology: this is a longitudinal epidemiological study based on secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) regarding the number of hospital admissions, gender, age group, and color/race, as well as the mortality rate from gastric tumors in the northern region of Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Results: during the analyzed period, 13,965 hospital admissions for gastric neoplasms were recorded in the north. The state of Pará recorded the highest numbers in the period, with 5,595 cases, followed by the state of Amazonas. The profile of hospitalized patients was: population over 60 years old, male sex, and mixed race. The mortality rate was 22.13% with the same epidemiological profile as the admissions. Conclusion: the impact of gastric cancer on the northern population is a public health problem that requires the creation and maintenance of public policies for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. http://ijaers.com/detail/epidemiological-profile-of-hospital-morbidity-and-mortality-from-malignant-neoplasms-of-the-stomach-in-the-northern-region-of-brazil-between-2011-and-2021/ Vando Delgado de Souza Santos , Gabrielly Carvalho Leão , Rafaela Luiza da Costa Rocha , Sebastiana Brandão da Costa , Elivanira Bento da Silva Rabêlo Guajajara , Joxanti Jotumre Kokaproti , Denise Maria Sampaio Guimarães¹, Paola Bitar de Mesquita Abinader , Roberta Figueiredo Pamplona , Vittória Marques Bigatão , Lilian Rose Martins Reis², Israel Mariano Rabelo , Aline Moreira Moraes , Gislaine Mendes Marangon , Kassio Renê Gomes , Valnilson Dias Reis , Alcilene Monteiro Lima , Marcos Gabriel Barbosa Castello Branco , Eric Santos Carvalho da Silva , Rakel de Moraes Pedrosa , Brenda Raine Batista Duck de Freitas , Igor Carvalho dos Santos http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-0720245-Epidemiological.pdf In the sequence of the research article intitled “Rural Settlements and Smart Green Cities” and our willing to compare this two cases (rural country settlements and rural fishing settlements) we rescued the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities, since it focuses on the principles of sustainability and urban development framed in the national, regional and local policies of the community countries, following criteria that base high standards of quality of life and functional qualification, on the assumption that they will contribute to attract investment, establish people and knowledge, promote qualified work opportunities and the production of value-added goods. Thus, in the construction of the research project, it is important to look at the relationship between currents of thought that contribute to support concepts related to the issue of sustainability, urban regeneration and the understanding of the morphology of the habitat, exploring bibliographic references of international and national authors associated with the research project. http://ijaers.com/detail/fishing-settlements-and-sustainability-task-i/ Patrícia Diogo, Manuel Diogo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9IJAERS-07202411-Fishing.pdf Snow is a widespread atmospheric constituent on Earth, as well as one of the cryosphere's most important seasonal and inter-seasonal fluctuations. Estimating the amount of snow in hilly areas is essential for a variety of socioeconomic endeavours and environmental research. Traditional methods for monitoring snow depth include accessibility, expense, and coverage limits, especially in isolated and difficult terrain. Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has emerged as a promising tool for remote sensing applications that include snow depth estimation. This review study synthesises and evaluates current literature on the use of GNSS-R technology for snow depth retrieval, concentrating on its potential and constraints in various mountainous places around the world. The paper includes a detailed explanation of GNSS-R working principles and receiver’s advancement, snow depth retrieval methods using both traditional and remote sensing methods like active microwave, passive microwave, GNSS-R integrating with machine learning and deep learning models to develop a snow depth assessment in diverse geographical contexts. GNSS-R technology aids in snow depth retrieval through Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and carrier phase pseudorange methods, with optimal choice based on application requirements, accuracy, environmental conditions, resources, and complexity-precision trade-offs. The review study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advances in GNSS-R-based snow depth estimation, as well as insights and guidance for future advancements in this field, particularly in addressing the complexities of snow depth estimation in diverse terrains such as those found in India.. http://ijaers.com/detail/snow-depth-measurement-using-gnss-r-techniques-a-review/ Arvindd Kshetrimayum, Hari Shanker Srivastava, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Vaibhav Garg, Gugulothu Srilatha http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10IJAERS-0720241-Snow.pdf Fake news spreads across various digital platforms around the world, posing a significant challenge, requiring far more sensitive and advanced detection techniques beyond those used in traditional text-based methodology. This inspired multi-modal fusion strategies that merge textual, visual, and contextual information as a modern strategy to enhance detection of fake news. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art multi-modal fusion techniques, categorizing them into early, late, and hybrid fusion strategies. We look into the trend of deep learning architectures such as CNN, RNN, transformers, and attention in leveraging multi-modal information for better classification accuracy, as well as widely used datasets, evaluation benchmarks, and real-world applications in social media fact-checking and misinformation mitigation. Recent advancements notwithstanding, challenges include data scarcity, computational complexity, bias, and interpretability. We highlight open research directions, focusing on explainable AI, adversarial robustness, and scalable cross-platform detection methods. This review is intended to be a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners who are trying to develop robust multi-modal frameworks for combating misinformation in the digital age. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-comprehensive-review-of-multi-modal-fusion-strategies-in-fake-news-detection/ Dhramveer Moga, Dr. Vijay Kumar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11IJAERS-05202418-AComprehensive.pdf