http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us October 2016 The Quality of Service (QoS) provided for different types of multimedia applications such as audio, video, etc. The IEEE 802.16 standard defines different service classes with their associated (QoS) parameters. The MAC scheduling algorithm is the main role performing in QoS provisioning over such broadband wireless access (BWA) network and it is important that the scheduling algorithm have a multi-dimensional objective of satisfying QoS requirements of the users, maximizing system utilization and ensuring fairness among users. In this paper, we present comparative analysis for different types of MAC scheduling algorithms for the uplink (UL) connection. The proposed scheduling algorithms are compared to several other MAC scheduling algorithms for UL traffic under different mixes of traffic and for various characteristics of the IEEE 802.16 MAC layer such as throughput & delay. Simulation results indicate that MAC scheduling algorithms are not suitable for the multi-class traffic in IEEE 802.16 since they do not explicitly incorporate the QoS parameters for the given standard. http://ijaers.com/detail/comparative-performance-evaluation-of-mac-scheduling-algorithms-for-qos-support-in-p-m-p-wireless-network-2/ Avinash S. Kapse http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-SEP-2016-34-Comparative Performance Evaluation of MAC Scheduling Algorithms for QoS Support in P-M-P Wireless Network.pdf This research paper shows the implementation of the work carried in machine translation using machine learning algorithm taking in consideration bi-lingual i.e. English to Hindi translation based on fuzzy technique. Model is implemented in Python taking input in English and translating to Hindi as output. It consists of a trainee dataset containing English equivalent Hindi sentences. Initial program run to train the application with the training set data. Minimum one million datasets are taken based on Microsoft’s vast collection of datasets .After implementation of the program and comparison with other techniques used in such research, the result found to achieve efficiency of 80% and above. The research done on the following machine translation shows a significant achievement in the relevant area. Further it opens a new gateway for improving the research on machine translation. http://ijaers.com/detail/enhancing-bi-lingual-example-based-machine-translation-approach-2/ Manish Rana, Mohammad Atique http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-SEP-2016-44-Enhancing Bi-Lingual Example Based Machine Translation Approach.pdf Natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are being worked upon for various engineering applications. Various natural fibres such as Sunnhemp, jute, sisal, palm, coir and banana are used as reinforcements. In this paper, sunnhemp and jute fibres have been used as reinforcement in Epoxy resin matrix. The influence of different volume fraction of the fibres in the composite is studied. It is seen that in case of treated sunnhemp fibre reinforced epoxy composites increase in the fibre volume fraction, the tensile strength , tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength have increased after an initial dip. At 20% of fibre volume fraction. The mechanical properties it can be deduced that sunnhemp fibre can be reliably reinforced with Epoxy resin which may be used various application such as Transportation, Marine, Construction, Furniture etc. http://ijaers.com/detail/studies-on-treated-sunnhemp-and-treated-jute-fibre-reinforced-epoxy-composites-2/ Prof. Ranjit. N. Turukmane, Prof. Dr. V.G.Nadiger, Prof. Arvind. L. Bhongade, Dr. Shashikant. P. Borkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-SEP-2016-42-Studies on Treated Sunnhemp and Treated Jute Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites.pdf Induction motors are used on greater scale in industries due to their user friendly interface. As these induction motors are highly reliable, they are prone to many types of faults. These faults can become dangerous and can cause various problems such as personal injuries, low production thereby bringing losses to industries.In this work we present communication media based system to monitor the conditions of motor revealingthe faults interrupting smooth performance of machinery in a very short span of time. Here we show the results to show its effectiveness. http://ijaers.com/detail/diagnosis-and-revelation-of-faults-in-induction-motors-using-integrated-techniques-2/ Zahid Farooq, Anwar Shahzad Siddiqui, Aziz Ahmad http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-OCT-2016-19-Diagnosis and Revelation of Faults in Induction Motors Using Integrated Techniques.pdf The linear theory of chiral surface waves in cylindrical containers with an elliptical cross-section is studied in detail. General solutions for phase and the free amplitude are given in terms of Mathieu functions. Our numerical results show the dependence of the numberwaves and natural frequencies on the chiral media with eccentricity . The well known case of a circular media for is retrieved and remarkable crossings of the mode frequencies for certain values of are found. The frequency shift is evaluated numerically. http://ijaers.com/detail/chiral-wave-modes-in-elliptical-region-2/ H. Torres-Silva, D. Torres Cabezas http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-OCT-2016-9-Chiral wave modes in elliptical region.pdf Solar desalination is a process where solar energy is used to distill fresh water from saline, brackish water for drinking purposes, charging of the batteries and medical appliances, etc. In recent years desalination of water has been one of the most important technological work undertaken in many countries. Many areas in Middle East and elsewhere have little or no natural water supplies which can be used for human consumption and, hence, depend heavily on water produced by desalination. Several methods of solar water desalination are known. Many workers indicate that the utilization of solar energy for water desalination is becoming more attractive as the cost of energy is continuously increases. Solar desalination is particularly important for locations where solar intensity is high and there is a scarcity of fresh water. This work gave a cumulative distillate yield of litres for the 10 day test. The Atmospheric temperature fluctuated from 26⁰C to 30⁰C during the test period. The distillate water obtained boils at 100⁰C and freeze at 0⁰C which correspond to World Health Organization Standard. http://ijaers.com/detail/desalination-of-impure-water-2/ Onyia B.I, Ofili. I, Edeh H.I, Ibrahim A.H, Ugwuodo C.B http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-OCT-2016-1-Desalination of Impure Water.pdf We present an access control application that enables the authentication of the members of a building, this application uses a biometric watermarking algorithm based on a new robust method that uses various techniques such as, Eigen face, QR code, contourlet transform. Several attacks have been applied to the watermarking algorithm, and they have proven its robustness. The tests performed on the graphical interface, showed the smooth running of the implementation of access control. http://ijaers.com/detail/building-access-application-based-on-a-robust-biometric-watermarking-algorithm-2/ Idrissi Nadia, Roukhe Ahmed, Lhoussaine Masmoudi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-SEP-2016-33-Building Access Application Based on a Robust Biometric Watermarking Algorithm.pdf Increasing environmental awareness throughout the world has triggered a paradigm shift towards designing such materials, which are compatible with the environment. The use of natural fibers, provides a positive environmental benefits with respect to disposability and raw material utilization. It has been established that the final mechanical properties of a composite are dependent on the magnitude of the strength of the bond between the fiber and matrix. As such, the poor adhesion that exists between the fibers and resins prevents Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) from having commercially useful structural properties. This study investigated how lignin as a compatibiliser influences the composites mechanical properties in sunn hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The addition of lignin in composites of epoxy resin and sunn hemp fiber reinforcement seems to be beneficial towards improving the impact, tensile and flexural strength, although the latter two also showed a decrease when excessive lignin was added. This is attributed to the lignin particles preventing complete resin infusion across the sunn hemp mat which subsequently reduces the mechanical properties. http://ijaers.com/detail/use-of-lignin-as-a-compatibiliser-in-sunn-hemp-fibre-reinforced-epoxy-composites-2/ Prof. Arvind L Bhongade, Dr. Shashikant P Borkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-OCT-2016-14-Use of Lignin as a Compatibiliser in Sunn hemp Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites.pdf An I.C. Engine contains generally two types of valves i.e. inlet valve and exhaust valve. These valves are again classified into two types. One is mono metal and the other one is bi-metal. Mono metal valve is made by using only one metal. Bi-metal valve is made by two types of metals. Any valve is divided into two portions, one is head portion and the other one is stem portion. In bi-metal valve head and stem portion are made of different metals. Two different types of metal bars are joining by the process of friction welding. Friction welding is the process of joining two solid pieces by welding, in which heat is generated by friction between stationary and rotating work piece. After friction welding next operations are bar grinding and forging. The above process is called as Pin-Pin friction welding process. This paper aim is to convert Pin-Pin friction welding process into Head to pin friction welding. In this route forging is done only for head bar and it is joining with stem bar by the friction welding process. http://ijaers.com/detail/process-improvement-in-the-manufacturing-of-engine-valve-2/ V. Mallikarjuna, K. Rajesh , S. MD. Jameel basha http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-OCT-2016-8-Process Improvement in the Manufacturing of Engine Valve.pdf In today’s wireless communication, there has been an increasing need for more compact, portable and wideband radiators. There is a need to evolve antenna designs to minimum size which can be used in many practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTW, WiFi and WiMax wireless communications systems. Fractal antenna is one such antenna which is irregular in shape and it is mainly used for wireless applications. Thus, the objective is to design a novel fractal geometry which exhibits self similarity property and can be confined to space. The new proposed fractal antenna is designed in such a way that it can be operating at a frequency of 2.4GHz. This structure is built up through replication of a base shape, improving antenna performance. The purpose of this project is to explore fractal elements antennas through simulation and design experimentation. In the proposed approach, simulators are carried out using FEKO simulator 6.1 and the results are compared with the existing structures of monopole and Koch fractal. The design is implemented in planar structure also to improve its characteristics when compared to the wire monopole. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-novel-fractal-antenna-in-planar-configuration-for-wireless-devices-2/ U.Vinitha, P.Sushama Sankar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-OCT-2016-2-A Novel Fractal Antenna in Planar Configuration for Wireless Devices.pdf Disruption tolerant network technologies are becoming successful solutions that allow wireless devices carried by soldiers to communicate with each other and access the confidential information or command reliably by exploiting external storage nodes. Some of the most challenging issues in this scenario are the enforcement of authorization policies and the policies update for secure data retrieval. Cipher text-policy attribute-based encryption is a promising cryptographic solution to the access control issues. However, the problem of applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs introduces several security and privacy challenges with regard to the attribute revocation, key escrow, and coordination of attributes issued from different authorities. We propose a secure data retrieval scheme using idea for decentralized DTNs where multiple key authorities manage their attributes independently. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed mechanism to securely and efficiently manage the confidential data distributed in the disruption-tolerant military network. http://ijaers.com/detail/secured-decentralized-confidential-data-distributed-in-the-disruption-tolerant-military-network-2/ Aniruddha Singh Chauhan, Prof. Nikita Umare http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-OCT-2016-17-Secured Decentralized Confidential Data Distributed in the Disruption-Tolerant Military Network.pdf Sandge an Indian traditional food adjunct was prepared by using standardized recipe of carrot(80%), okra(9%), green chilies(3.5%), coriander leaves(2%) , sesame seeds(3.5%) and salt (2%) in an air convective dryer. Studies on drying kinetics of sandgewere conducted at 45, 50 & 55ºC.The graph of drying rate and the drying curve revealed that drying took place in the falling rate period and increase in drying temperature accelerated the drying process.The experimental data of drying kinetics was satisfactorily fitted to four different empirical models for thin layer drying: Newton, Page, Logarithmic, Henderson& Pabis.With the selectioncriteria of high values of coefficient of determination (R2), low values of root mean square error (RMSE) between and chi-square (χ2), Newton’s model was selected as perfect fit. Applying the model of Fickian unsteady state diffusion, effective moisture diffusion coefficient (De) was calculated.The diffusivity varied from 17.5 x 10-7m2/s to 1.75 x 10-5m2/s within the temperature range and fitted the Arrhenius equation. The molecular diffusivity at infinite temperature, Deº was estimated to be 0.038m2/s and the activation energy for moisture diffusion, E to be 9.57k J/mol. http://ijaers.com/detail/drying-kinetics-of-sandge-an-indian-traditional-food-adjunct-in-air-convective-drying-2/ Renu Khedkar, Amarinder Singh Bawa http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-OCT-2016-23-Drying Kinetics of Sandge, an Indian Traditional Food Adjunct in Air Convective Drying.pdf The aim of this project work is Analysis of TIG welding parameters of Stainless Steel (SS 202) material used in the manufacturing of Heat Exchanger and Pressure vessel by TIG welding process, in which various input process parameters within the range of value are carried out and characteristics of output parameters are analyzed. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process is commonly applied to a wide range of metals which uses non-consumable tungsten electrode. Stainless steel specimen (SS 202) of 6mm thickness used in the manufacturing of heat exchanger and pressure vessel is selected. Full factorial Design method is used to formulate the experimental layout to rank the welding input parameters which affects the quality of weld and is influenced by the input parameters such as current, gas flow rate followed by diameter of filler wire. The weldments are studied for tensile test, Bending test, Hardness test to find qualitative properties. The percentage contribution of each input parameter and prediction of tensile strength, bending strength and BHN is found by Full factorial Design. http://ijaers.com/detail/analysis-of-tig-welding-process-parameters-for-stainless-steel-ss202-2/ Gurudatt Ghadi, Dr. Shivakumar S. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-SEP-2016-46-Analysis of TIG welding process parameters for stainless steel (SS202).pdf Short message service (SMS) is most important communication medium in many daily life applications, including healthcare monitoring, mobile banking, mobile commerce, and so on. When a SMS send an from one mobile phone (MS) to another MS (Mobile subscriber), the information contained in the SMS transmit as plain text. Sometimes this information may be confidential like account numbers ,passwords, license number ,PAN number and so on, and it is a major drawback to send such information through SMS while the traditional SMS service does not provide encryption to the information before its transmission, However telecom service providers are ensuring at server end some security provided as Using A3,A8 and Kc algorithms through Triplet Authentication system, but not providing during the message transformation .In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure protocol called User End secure SMS along with integrity key check and massage through Encrypted form as secure manner from source to destination across GSM or UMTS networks , which provides end-to-end secure communication through SMS between end users. The working of the protocol is presented by considering two different scenarios. The analysis of the proposed protocol shows that this protocol is able to prevent various attacks, including SMS disclosure, over the air modification, replay attack, man-in-the middle attack, and impersonation Attack. .The protocol completely based on the symmetric key cryptography and retains original architecture of cellular network. The simulation generated in C#.net for execution system. SMS protocol is successfully designed in order to provide end-to-end secure communication through SMS between mobile users. The analysis of the proposed protocol shows that the protocol is able to prevent various attacks. The transmission of symmetric key to the mobile users is efficiently managed by the protocol. We consider all the transmission among various Authentication Server AS (Either same location or different location) take place by encrypting the message with a symmetric key shared between each pair of AS. This protocol produces lesser communication and computation overheads, utilizes bandwidth efficiently, and reduces message exchanged ratio during authentication than AES overheads, utilizes bandwidth efficiently, and reduces message exchanged ratio during authentication than AES http://ijaers.com/detail/enhancing-the-security-for-end-to-end-sms-in-gsm-or-umts-networks-2/ Amin Khan, Prof Nikita Umare http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-OCT-2016-16-Enhancing the Security for End to End SMS in GSM or UMTS Networks.pdf Prolonged standing during working hours is prevalent in industries. Standing is a natural human posture and possesses no specific health risk. However, prolonged standing plays a vital role in numerous health problems. This study is a review of the work done by researchers in the past on industrial workers, who stand for long time during working hours. This type of study is imperative to understand and improve the existing methods used to reduce health risk associated with prolong standing. To know the impact of different conditions on performance of an individual while standing, many researchers used subjective as well as objective methods. Subjective methods are often considered unreliable for decision making, whereas objective methods often give almost reliable results for decision making. Fatigue is more appropriate factor than pain or discomfort when it comes to evaluate individual performance. Researchers need to concentrate more on physical exertion to analyses the performance of any individual, rather than on its by-products e.g. fatigue, pain or discomfort. Studies need to be carried out on large population and for longer duration with continuous observation to further understand and estimate the accurate effects of prevalent methods to reduce health risk. Most of the researchers reported that use of soft mat may help reduce adverse health effects of prolonged standing, but some concluded that it doesn’t have significant effect. http://ijaers.com/detail/studies-assessing-the-effects-of-prolonged-standing-at-work-a-review-2/ A. S. Shaikh, Rahul D. Shelke http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-OCT-2016-31-Studies Assessing the Effects of Prolonged Standing at Work_ A Review.pdf Lean manufacturing is a process of eliminating non value added activities in an Industry. Non value added activities (NVA) are the activities, which does not add values to the products made in the industry. Industry uses either lean team or external lean consultant to carry out the lean manufacturing process. Lean manufacturing software is a web based application which helps the lean team as well as lean consultant to carry out their process in faster, reliable way of approaching their results. The Database Management System connected to web application stores, calculate and manipulate the data which are collected from data collection process and provide statistical data output which are further carried to decision phase by the lean team. An idea to make the lean implementation process go lean. http://ijaers.com/detail/development-of-web-application-framework-for-lean-assessment-approach-2/ A.Abilaash, A. Aravinth kumar, K.Sathishkumar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-OCT-2016-30-Development of Web Application Framework for Lean Assessment Approach.pdf Se-Te based chalcogenide glasses have been found suitable for optical memory devices due to their distinct amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. In the present work alloys of Se65Ge15Te20-aSba (a = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18) glasses have been synthesized using melt quench technique. Author report investigations leading to optical, thermal and topological properties of these glasses by varying the concentrations of Te and Sb. Glass transition and crystallization kinetics of alloys have been investigated using differential thermal analysis at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 Kmin-1). The results so obtained verify the usefulness of above composition. http://ijaers.com/detail/optical-thermal-and-topological-characterization-of-quaternary-se65ge15te20-asba-chalcogenide-glasses-2/ Atul K Kukreti, Manish Saxena, Nikhil Rastogi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-OCT-2016-29-Optical, Thermal and Topological Characterization of Quaternary Se65Ge15Te20-aSba Chalcogenide Glasses.pdf Bitter gourd has important role as a source of carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients in human diet (Ali et al., 2008) which are necessary for maintaining proper health. To assess the chemical and nutritional composition of the selected bitter gourd types in the fresh and dried form, the following parameters were determined i.e. total carbohydrate, protein, dietary fibre, moisture, β carotene, vitamin C, folic acid, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. The study revealed that highest protein, moisture, vitamin C and folic acid content were found in Light green big (2.06 g, 90.40 per cent, 98.2 mg and 0.10 µg/ ml respectively). Highest carbohydrate and fibre content was found in light green small (8.22 g and 1.21 g). The amount of beta carotene was found to be highest in nei paval sample (140.03 mcg/100g). In the case of mineral analysis, highest calcium, phosphorus and sodium content were found in light green big (25.44 mg/ 100g and 79.64 mg/100 g 20.12 mg / 100 g respectively). The potassium and iron content was found highest in nei paval (174.46 mg/ 100 g 2.14 mg). Highest manganese, copper and zinc content were noticed in light green big (34.57 mg, 40.17 mg and 90.41 mg/ 100g respectively). http://ijaers.com/detail/nutritional-composition-of-bitter-gourd-types-momordica-charantia-l-2/ Krishnendu J. R., Nandini P. V. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-OCT-2016-24-Nutritional Composition of Bitter Gourd Types (Momordica Charantia L.).pdf An innovative bioformulation labeled “Biofertile” of six endophytic diazotrophs was evaluated for improving flower quality, bulb yield and beauty features of amaryllis (Hippeastrum vittatum Herb). Along the winter growing seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, leaf characteristics (numbers per plant, length, surface area, fresh and dry weights) significantly stimulated due to Biofertile treatment. Incorporation into soil of a rational N level with plant hormones did magnify the beneficial impact of the diazotroph formulation. Simultaneous bio-product inoculation and N fertilization resulted in earlier flower opening and budding, up to 18 days were resulted. The highest seasonal average bulb fresh weight of 76.9 g plant-1 was scored for plants inoculated with the diazotroph biopreparate together with 50 % N dose in presence of gibberellin and benzyl adenine. Addition of full N regime increased chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents of leaves by 26.8 and 16.7 % respectively over untreated amaryllis, Relatively low amounts of indole (0.56 mg/ 100 g fresh weight) and phenol (1.41 mg/ 100 g fresh weight) were estimated for untreated plants, higher quantities of 1.31 and 336 mg/ 100 g fresh weight were recorded for Biofertile-inoculated plants. Being among the beauty features of amaryllis, leaves area and fresh weight as well as bulb diameter and fresh weights conspicuously improved as the N content of the plant organs increased. Net N gains of 18.7 - 22.2 kg acre-1 were introduced into the ornamental plant growth media via inoculation with Biofertile either with or without the other additives. Results of this study open a new window on the successful role of the Integrated Fertilizer Management (IFM) concept for improving flower and bulb yields and characteristics with a unique contribution in the beauty features of amaryllis. http://ijaers.com/detail/integrated-fertilizer-management-correctly-mirrors-the-prospective-flower-quality-bulb-yield-and-beauty-features-of-amaryllis-hippeastrum-vittatum-herb-2/ Badawi H. Mona,ShananT. Nermeen, El-AttarB. Asmaa http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19 IJAERS-SEP-2016-41-Integrated Fertilizer Management Correctly Mirrors the Prospective Flower Quality, Bulb Yield and Beauty Features of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum Vittatum Herb).pdf Social Entrepreneurs are an individual who has innovative solutions to the society’s most pressing social problems; they are ambitious in tackling any major issues and ready to work on any new challenges. The development in social Entrepreneurship will solve the problems prevailing in the society which is completely ignored by commercial and government enterprises. Muhammad Yunus being an example for other social entrepreneurs, how to be a successful entrepreneur, who is worked, has a founder and manager of Grameen Bank lead a new path in Social Entrepreneurship, and he is awarded with Nobel Peace Prize, his contribution being a motivation factor for many social Entrepreneurs. Countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries facing many issues and challenges for the development of social entrepreneurs. This paper highlights meaning of social entrepreneurship, the difference between social entrepreneurship and other entrepreneurship, Qualities of successful entrepreneurs and the Challenges and issues faced by the Social Entrepreneurs. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-study-on-issues-and-challenges-prevails-in-social-entrepreneurship-and-qualities-of-successful-social-entrepreneur-2/ Dr. A. Irin Sutha http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20 IJAERS-SEP-2016-45-A Study on Issues and Challenges prevails in Social Entrepreneurship and Qualities of successful Social Entrepreneur.pdf With the advent of whatsapp, information has been spread worldwide easily. Higher learning institutions such as IIUM have been using whatsapp as a mean of communication between the students and their instructors. The use of whatsapp at IIUM has been inevitable. Despite the positive impact of whatsapp as social media to the users, it has also negative impacts on student learning such as: time consuming for student’s study time, exacerbating student’s grammar and spelling, distracting student’s concentration during lecture etc. this study explored the impact of using of whatsapp among postgraduate students’ learning at the Kulliyyah of Education (KOED), at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Interview which consisted of fourteen (14) questions were employed with two informants. The study found that using whatsapp as learning tool is beneficial to both students and instructors though it was suggested that electronic etiquette should be applied when using whatsapp in learning. http://ijaers.com/detail/usage-of-whatsapp-among-postgraduate-students-of-kulliyyah-of-education-international-islamic-university-malaysia-2/ Issa Omar Malecela http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21 IJAERS-AUG-2016-19-Usage of Whatsapp among Postgraduate Students of Kulliyyah of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia.pdf In this present study, three dimensional flow pattern of Electrochemical Machining process has been simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in L-shaped tool model. The ANSYS software is used for the design and analysis of a model. Different process parameters like volume fraction profile, velocity profile, pressure profile temperature profile and heat flux profile of electrolyte flow in the Inter Electrode Gap (IEG) etc. have been evaluated from the simulation using this model. The results indicated generation of hydrogen bubbles in which the turn reduced the volume fraction of brine depending upon the tool geometry. Reduced brine volume fraction led to reduction in MRR. As a result of hydrogen bubble formation, temperature towards the boundaries were increased rapidly as gaseous hydrogen bubbles possess sufficiently lower convective heat transfer coefficient as compared to liquid brine. For validating the simulation results, a set of experiments have been carried out on ECM by fabricating the tool geometry. The experimental results were analyzed by using MINITAB software. http://ijaers.com/detail/experimental-evaluation-of-electrolyte-flow-pattern-in-ecm-tool-using-cfd-analysis-2/ Gali Chiranjeevi Naidu, K Dharma Reddy, P V Ramaiah http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/22 IJAERS-OCT-2016-37-Experimental Evaluation of Electrolyte Flow Pattern in ECM Tool Using CFD Analysis.pdf India is the second largest producer of silk in the world ,next to China, with 14.7% share in global raw silk production. Silk, considered as the queen of fibres, is proteinaceous in nature. The bulk of commercial silk is produced from the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori. The sericulture is rural, cottage and agro-based industry of cultivating food plants, rearing silkworms, conducting silk reeling, twisting, dyeing, weaving etc. ,provides continuous employment to 6817 thousand people in India .The current annual production of 16957 MTs of mulberry raw silk and proportionate consumption of food plants in 179 thousand hectares spread over 51 thousand villages ,generation of 125 thousand tons silk cocoons and 24 crore silkworm seed indicate the colossal quantum of waste and pollution generation in sericulture sector, require perceptive management for ecological security, value addition, and employment generation. The catching art of crafting silk waste is one of the interesting utility of silk, which develop human skills besides generating self employment and additional revenue. The crafts like garlands, flower vase, wreath, pen stand, dolls, jeweler, wall hangings, clocks, bouquets, and greeting cards, can be carved using silk wastes. The silk based paper is used to craft flowers, buffet lamps, and decorate plastics, steel and fabrics. The hybrid silk, net raw silk, silk tow and silk waves were converted as high valued fancy jackets, carpets and furnishings. The traditional practices make mulberry and silkworm to produce only silk filament and textiles, the new approach extend its application towards nutritional, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, biomaterial, biomedical, and bioengineering, automobile, house building, and art crafts. http://ijaers.com/detail/sericulture-industry-in-india-a-source-of-employment-generation-2/ Prof. D. Bharathi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/23 IJAERS-OCT-2016-3-Sericulture Industry in India - A Source of Employment Generation.pdf Classification may refer to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood. There are many types of classification, researchers face a problem to choose a suitable method that give a good classification performance to solve their classification problems. In this paper, we present the basic classification techniques. Several major kinds of classification method including neural network, decision tree, Bayesian networks, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor classifier. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of the above different classification techniques. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-survey-of-classification-methods-2/ Somia B. Mohammed, Ahmed Khalid, SaifeEldin F. Osman http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/24 IJAERS-OCT-2016-34-A Survey of Classification Methods.pdf Most agro-firms in Eldoret business Centre have been operating without accounts receivables management as a component of working capital meaning it has been difficult to manage their working capital. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of management of accounts receivables on firm’s profitability of agro-firms in Eldoret Business Centre.The study had target population of 510 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 51 managers, while simple random was used to sample 214 other employees. Data was collected using a 5 point Likert scale structural questionnaire. To determine the validity of research instrument the researcher used experts opinion, the items in the questionnaires’ content, structure and sequence were appropriately amended to remove any ambiguities and pilot study was carried out. Reliability of proposed constructs was tested using Cronbach Alpha. The findings indicated that Management of accounts receivables had a coefficient of 0.716, and profitability had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.781. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics that include frequency distribution tables, percentages and other measures of central tendency. From the study it was concluded that the postulated hypothesis was not supported. Indicating that management of accounts receivables p=0.001, is a predictor variable for profitability of agro firms. This study recommends that there is need for managers to create value for their shareholders by ensuring effective and efficient management of debtors. Owing to the limitations of the study it is suggested that same study be done but in other sectors to allow generalizations of the study findings. http://ijaers.com/detail/assessing-accounts-receivables-management-as-a-determinant-of-profitability-on-agro-firms-in-eldoret-business-centre-2/ Alice Likalama, Dr. Caroline Ayuma, Dr. Jared Bogonko http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/25 IJAERS-OCT-2016-6-Assessing Accounts Receivables Management as a Determinant of Profitability on Agro-Firms in Eldoret Business Centre.pdf In the competitive power market, congestion in the transmission line has grown as a serious problem which threats the power system security and reliability. Congested condition leads to the increased congestion cost and it is not wise to allow the situation to persist. In this work, real and reactive power rescheduling based congestion management is proposed to relieve the transmission congestion. For optimal rescheduling of the real and reactive power, the recently introduced nature black hole algorithm (BHA) is implemented. The objective of the present work is to minimize the total transmission congestion cost while adjusting the generation pattern to relieve congestion. The work uses the generator sensitivity indices for identifying the more influencing generators. The validation of the suggested method has been studied on modified IEEE 57 bus test system with two congestion cases of bilateral and multilateral transactions and the obtained numerical results are compared with other metaheuristic algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and big bang big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm. http://ijaers.com/detail/optimal-rescheduling-of-real-and-reactive-power-for-congestion-management-under-competitive-environment-2/ R.Ramachandran, M.Arun http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/26 IJAERS-OCT-2016-41-Optimal Rescheduling of Real and Reactive Power for Congestion Management under Competitive Environment.pdf Appropriate methods are important when it comes to irrigation to ensure maximized yield from the field. Most often it is found that water is not managed scientifically in Indian working environment when it comes to farming leading to a huge wastage of this precious resource. Again sunlight which holds enormous potential cannot be properly utilized due to lack of technology and design. The design we have made presented in this work takes care of both these aspects. Firstly we framed a design where the solar panels will rotate about their axes positioning themselves in alignment with sunbeams so that the panels are exposed to more sunlight increasing manifold the power outputs. The second part of this model comprises a sensor network meant to measure the moisture level of soil employing gypsum as the sensor. The sensor network senses the moisture content, sends it to a controller where a decision is made about water requirement of the field. If found affirmative, it runs a motor. Now the enterprising part of this model is that both rotation of panels and running of motor will be driven by the power generated by the solar panels. Here it requires very efficient design requirements and rigorous analytical calculation to make this ensemble work. The results obtained from the prototype model show great congruence with the expected results. The prototype is ready and the next step lies in actual erection of such systems in real life farms and see it does it fare in actual scenario. Thus the effectiveness of the model is established experimentally. http://ijaers.com/detail/sun-tracking-solar-panels-and-auto-watering-of-farm-lands-extended-work-2/ Er. Faruk Bin Poyen, Dr.Apurba Ghosh, Dr.Palash Kund http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/27 IJAERS-OCT-2016-36-Sun Tracking Solar Panels and Auto Watering of Farm Lands - Extended Work.pdf An important aspect of the CAE process is the development of a 3D design prior to the production of the draft representation of the design to be used for the process of product manufacture. The process of reverse engineering is used to produce a three-dimensional model directly from existing physical product without the need of design documentation. Reverse engineering is being applied mainly in the areas of product development, enterprise development and manufacturing technology across different sectors such as manufacturing, health care and engineering among others. This work involves the application of reverse surface modelling for the purpose of model reconstruction absent the developments of a CAD model. The successful completion of this work shows the versatility of the application of reverse engineering. http://ijaers.com/detail/application-of-reverse-surface-modelling-in-the-computer-aided-engineering-process-2/ Ndudim Ononiwu, Thomas Gunyon, Mohamed Al-Ali http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/28 IJAERS-OCT-2016-40-Application of Reverse Surface Modelling in the Computer Aided Engineering Process.pdf Disinfection with chlorine is very popular in water and wastewater treatment because of its low cost, ability to form a residual, and its effectiveness at low concentrations. Chlorinated drinking water's chief benefit is the protection of public health through the control of waterborne diseases. It plays a paramount role in controlling pathogens in water that cause human illness, as evidenced by the virtual absence of waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera in developed countries. But, there are many factors that can affect the chlorine in the water such as distance. From the Chick’s Law, the concentration of the chlorine residual in water will decrease when the distance increased. By collecting samples and data’s from water treatment plant (Alzarqe Kufa) and its networks by determining the sampling points and the distance from water treatment plant, compare the data’s or levels of chlorine from the network with the levels of chlorine at plant, and check if the residual chlorine in the water supply are following the standard by Iraqi Water Association. From the results, we can improve the quality of the water supply to user to protect the public health through the control of waterborne diseases. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-effect-of-a-distance-from-water-treatment-plant-on-residual-chlorine-2/ Bakar Radhi Baker http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/29 IJAERS-OCT-2016-42-The Effect of a Distance from Water Treatment Plant on Residual Chlorine.pdf Most of past research in the area of information systems’ security has primarily focused on the technical dimension without paying attention to the human factors. The traditional conception of cybersecurity strategy hasn’t take into account the organizational level, since organizations may not have employed the most critical key of success: Users’ behavior. This paper focuses on users’ behaviors over the cybersecurity strategy. The purpose of this study is to assert the influence of users’ behaviors on the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategy via an empirical study shared with more than 2000 users. The paper describes the user’s behavior modeling diagram based on Bayesian networks for user modeling, and identifies the continued usage behavior diagram based on the Expectation-Confirmation Model. In this research program we arm that users’ behaviors have an important impact on data safety and security, and even if the robustness of the organization’s cybersecurity strategy, the users’ behavior can influence on their effectiveness. The finding may help information security professionals to define a user charter, which control user's behavior in a specific environment. http://ijaers.com/detail/user-s-behaviors-influence-on-cybersecurity-strategy-effectiveness-2/ Hasna Elkhannoubi, Mustapha Belaissaoui http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/30 IJAERS-OCT-2016-22-User Behaviors Influence on Cybersecurity Strategy Effectiveness.pdf The Diffusion laminar combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and air is studied experimentally using counterflowing axisymmetric jets. Attributes of this type of burner arrangement for studying laminar combustion are discussed in terms of flame geometry, angle of nozzle, strain rate, and measurement access. In the current research, an integrated combustion system was designed and developed for a type of counterflow diffusion flame. To study formation of the disc flame and the limits of stability, three types of nozzle with different angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) were used, an integrated design of two perpendicular burners was made to maintain the temperature of the mixture constant before the reaction. In the current study the charts of flame stability of diffusion flame with different equivalence ratios (0.65≤ Ï• ≥1.45) are obtained , and determine the limits of temperature distribution and strain rate. http://ijaers.com/detail/impact-of-the-nozzle-angles-on-counterflow-diffusion-flame-to-strain-rate-variations-2/ Assist. Prof. Dr. Jassim M. Abdulkarim, Prof. Dr. Jamal Y. Al Abass , Paiman S. Salih, Shadi B. Ahmed, Hanin N. Al-Kalany http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/31 IJAERS-OCT-2016-27-Impact of the Nozzle Angles on Counterflow Diffusion Flame to Strain Rate Variations.pdf Friction welding method is one of the most simple, economical and highly productive method in joining dissimilar materials. It is widely used in the automotive, medical and aerospace industrial applications. The purpose of this present work was to assess the development of solid state juncture of dissimilar materials of H30 aluminum and BS970 mild steel. The joints were obtained by Friction Welding (FW) process, which combines the heat generated from friction between two surfaces. The results were analyzed by means of tensile, Rockwell hardness test and metallographic tests. Solid state welding processes are characterized by the absence of melting and the formation of narrow heat affected zone (HAZ). The metallurgical properties are usually excellent and most of the processes can be mechanized or automated to be used as high production rate processes. The FW proves to be a great method for obtaining junctures between dissimilar materials which is not possible by fusion welding process. http://ijaers.com/detail/weldability-of-aluminum-to-mild-steel-using-friction-welding-process-2/ Anusha Kankanala , Sridath Kotturu, Revanth Mylarusetty, Shaik afroz http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/32 IJAERS-OCT-2016-43-Weldability of Aluminum to Mild Steel Using Friction Welding Process.pdf Scaffolds are artificial structures that replace the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Scaffolds are capable of supporting three dimensional tissue formations. The natural ECM performs functions, like regulating intercellular communication along with providing support to the cells. A variety of fabricating methods are adopted for preparing scaffolds from a wide range of available biomaterials. The scaffolds thus produced can function as a successful scaffold only if they satisfy the necessary parameters. The suitability of any scaffold for tissue engineering application is tested by using a battery of tests that is a combination of mechanical and biological tests. This paper reviews the test methods adopted by researchers to test the suitability of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. http://ijaers.com/detail/in-vitro-characterization-of-scaffolds-for-tissue-engineering-a-review-2/ Aarti Baliga, Shashikant Borkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/33 IJAERS-OCT-2016-50-In Vitro Characterization of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering - A Review.pdf The educational evaluation requires of analysis and continue strategies to adapted the current context, so that this research presents the need to define models of educational evaluation with adaptive characteristics to the area of knowledge and the students to predict behaviors of academic performance and support the decision making in the educational context. This need is based on the theoretical framework and with the integration of state of the art to outline and define alternative solutions based in Intelligent Computing. http://ijaers.com/detail/educational-evaluation-and-prediction-of-school-performance-through-data-miningand-genetic-algorithms-2/ Israel Patino Galvan http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/34 IJAERS-OCT-2016-53-Educational Evaluation and Prediction of School Performance through Data Miningand Genetic Algorithms.pdf Image renovation in CT is a mathematical process that creates images from X-ray projection data gain at many different angles around the patient. Image rebuilding has a basic impact on image worth and therefore on radiation dose. Many techniques have been used to reconstruct the image and the commonly used algorithms are L1 and L1/2. L1 regularization algorithm has been normally used to solve the sparsity constrained problems. To enhance the sparsity constraint for better imaging performance, a promising route is to use the lp norm (0 < p < 1) and solve the lp minimization problem. ½ has been used widely as a replace with for p. In this paper survey the various methods in reconstruction of CT images are discussed. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-survey-on-different-types-of-ct-image-reconstruction-2/ Francy P F, Beena M V http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/35 IJAERS-APR-2016-16-A Survey on Different Types of CT Image Reconstruction.pdf Big data created by Social network contains all sorts of information of the real world such as human relations, time, space and etc. Now it is possible to collect huge amount of data and store it. But the more data we get, the more difficult it is to get the meaningful and requisite information for each person. Thus, it is necessary for us to have a customized restaurant recommendation system with a high degree of accuracy which reflects personal characteristics using big data. In this paper, we organized key factors that affect the restaurant recommendation by analyzing the characteristics of big data provided by SNS. On the basis of these key factors and relations, we designed a big data model and embodied it for information recommendation systems using MongoDB. The restaurant recommendation technique uses a collaborative filtering approach by using the factors of the social network and the user’s evaluation history. http://ijaers.com/detail/social-data-schema-and-recommendation-method-for-restaurant-information-2/ Minsoo Lee http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/36 IJAERS-OCT-2016-60-Social Data Schema and Recommendation Method for Restaurant Information.pdf The excitation of a commercial fluorescent lamp is obtained with easy using a coaxial dipole antenna placed along its external surface. We present the results obtained making direct comparison between the luminous flux emitted by a commercial fluorescent lamp fed with 220 V ac power or, alternatively, with microwave power at 2.545 GHz. The luminous efficiency attainable with microwaves and details on the associated technology are reported. An account of the possible advantages of the novel method of excitation are also given in view of the construction of fluorescent lamps of industrial and civil interest. http://ijaers.com/detail/microwave-excitation-of-fluorescent-lamps-2/ Ferrari C, Longo I http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/37 IJAERS-OCT-2016-7-Microwave Excitation of Fluorescent Lamps.pdf Facial expression is one of most important behavioral measure for studies of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. Facial expression recognition has become a promising research area. Its applications in many areas like human-computer interfaces, human emotion analysis, and medical care and cure. Automatic facial expression recognition is an interesting and challenging subject in digital signal processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, etc. In this paper use a new method of facial expression recognition based on local binary patterns (LBP). The LBP features are firstly extracted from the original images of facial expression then face area is divided into small parts from which Local Binary Pattern (LBP) histograms are extracted into a single, spatially enhanced feature histogram efficiently representing the face image. http://ijaers.com/detail/results-recognition-of-facial-expression-by-digital-image-processing-2/ Praphull S. Sonone, Manjusha M. Patil http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/38 IJAERS-OCT-2016-55-Results_ Recognition of Facial Expression by Digital Image Processing.pdf The Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) were overtaken by events and were replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on 15th Sept. 2015. Countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all and part of a new development agenda. Seventeen (17) SDGs were adopted. The concept of SDGs was born at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development at Rio de Janeiro in 2012.(Murphy, 2010) Girls’ education reduces poverty in all its forms (SDG no. 1) and ends hunger through achieving food security (SDG no.2). Quality education for girls reduces fertility rates hence slows population explosion; lowers infant and maternal mortality rates and improves health and nutrition and well- being of families (SDG No, 3). Educated mothers ensure better prospects of education for their children (SDG no.4). Despite the strides made, 57 million children in the world are still out of school. Gender equality (SDG no. 5) can also be achieved by empowering more women and girls. Increasing access to education for girls is expected to bridge the gap and bring about gender parity at all levels of representation. Today gender disparities still exist. More importantly, women need to be educated to ensure that they all access clean water and get better sanitation for all (SDG no. 6). A total of 663 million people worldwide are still without water. Education is a prime mover of social, cultural and economic development of any nation hence it raises economic productivity (SDG no 12). The education of girls today is widely recognized as the most effective development investment a country can make. Women are the foundation of life due to their multiple and critical roles in the family. Their education therefore acts as a springboard for sustainable development hence the best strategy to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. A cost-benefit analysis has revealed that women’s education has enormous social returns(Kizerbo, 1991). Seven of the seventeen SDGs will be addressed in this review. http://ijaers.com/detail/quality-education-for-girls-implications-for-achieving-sustainable-development-goals-in-developing-countries-2/ Dr. Irene A. Ashioya http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/39 IJAERS-OCT-2016-54-Quality Education for Girls_ Implications for achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Developing countries.pdf