http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us April 2017 Problem statement:In the water treatment processes, the chemicals (aluminum sulfate AS, chlorine, and polyelectrolyte) are required in the different steps of treatment (coagulation, flocculation, settling, disinfection…). The chemicals residues can affect the human healthy and the environment. The treatment process produces sludge according to the level of the water turbidity. However, the sludge management increases the monitoring expenses. Moreover, this water treatment sub-product constitutes a threat for the environment and the downstream water users.Approach:In this study, the effectiveness of chemicals uses and sludge reuse was evaluatedin order to find optimal operational conditions and reduce its residues. The influence of the chemicals consumption on the cost of treated water was also studied. A set of jar test experiments was conducted to find the sludge and aluminum sulfate dosages in order to improve the produced water quality for different turbidity levels. Results: Results demonstrated that the consumption of chemicals could be reduced by 10 to 15%. The sludge reuse improve the water quality and decrease the AS consumption by 50 to 60%. The turbidity removal is increasing and the aluminum residues is decreasing by 50%. Conclusions/Recommendations:Results show that the sludge reuse plays a very important role in reducing the aluminum sulfate dosage, improving the treated water quality and reducing water cost. The AS control and modeling reduce the chemicals consumption. This approach contributes in preserving the environment and opens income-earning opportunities for local population by promoting local products made from water treatment sludge. http://ijaers.com/detail/eco-efficiency-of-drinking-water-treatment/ M. Farhaoui http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-MAR-2017-67-Eco-Efficiency of Drinking Water Treatment.pdf The fault location detection has been a goal of power system engineers, since the creation of distribution and transmission systems. Quick fault detection can help protect the equipment by allowing the disconnection of faulted lines before any significant damage of the equipment. The accurate fault location can help utility personnel remove persistent of the faults and locate the areas where the faults regularly occur, thus reducing the occurrence of fault and minimize the time of power outages. As a result, while the fault location detection schemes have been developed in the past, a variety of algorithms continue to be developed to perform this task more accurately and more effectively. The detection and location of faults on power transmission lines is essential to the protection and maintenance of a power system. Most methods of fault detection and location relate to the measurements of electrical quantities provided by current and voltage transformers. These transformers can be expensive and require physical contact with the monitored high voltage equipment. http://ijaers.com/detail/transmission-line-fault-monitoring-and-identification-system-by-using-internet-of-things/ S.Suresh, R.Nagarajan, L.Sakthivel, V.Logesh, C.Mohandass, G.Tamilselvan http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-MAR-2017-64-Transmission Line Fault Monitoring.pdf OpenStack is an open source cloud computing management platform project that supports almost all types of cloud environment. It can achieve data processing services among the interactive information storages, and it can also be stored in the virtual machine of cloud computing platform in various services. When performing complex data combination processing, each service cooperates with other services according to the interaction information, and finally completes the processing of complex data. http://ijaers.com/detail/research-on-multiple-complex-data-processing-methods-based-on-openstack-cloud-platform/ Huansong Yang, Mengyuan Wang, Jiaping Wu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-MAR-2017-77-Research on Multiple Complex Data Processing Methods.pdf Electrical Power quality is used to determine the health of the electrical power system that connects the consumer’s devices. It is concerned with voltage quality, current quality, reliability of service, quality of power supply etc. Actually the power quality refers to maintaining the sinusoidal waveform of power distribution bus voltage at rated voltage magnitude and frequency. Voltage flicker and harmonics are the main types of power quality problems that are very common to the power system containing electric arc furnace (EAF). Utilities connecting electrical arc furnaces are highly concerned regarding these disturbances and try as far as possible to minimize them. In this paper, EAF is presented for the study of power quality problems and their mitigation. Analysis regarding power quality indices related to both AC and DC type arc furnace has been presented. http://ijaers.com/detail/power-quality-issues-of-electric-arc-furnace-and-their-mitigations-a-review/ Amarjeet Singh, Ravindra Kumar Singh, Asheesh Kumar Singh http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-MAR-2017-33-Power Quality Issues of Electric Arc Furnace and their Mitigations.pdf The Energy Audit done for an educational building which is working for last 20 years in the Middle East region. This region has extreme climatic conditions for both summer and winter. In summer the temperature reaches up to 480c or 490c. The energy consumption comes high at summer season. The audit conducted for electric energy consumed largely for air conditioning as well as other uses like lighting and teaching accessories. Important results getting with retrofitting the building envelop and change of lightings to LEDs. Simple payback period got as 5.49 years. A considerable savings in carbon emission is also accounted as a result of this retrofitting . http://ijaers.com/detail/energy-audit-for-an-educational-building-which-operates-in-middle-east-climatic-conditions/ Salim R K, Dr Sudhir CV http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-MAR-2017-63-Energy Audit for an educational building.pdf Need to use renewable energy in the form of ethanol fuel derived using agriculture waste to reduce load on petrol derived from crude oil, which is available in limited quantity. This is mostly due to stock of petroleum product are depleting day by day, hence more use of renewable fuels gets attraction in developing country like India. In recent years, Considerable efforts made to develop and introduce alternative renewable fuel, to replace conventional petroleum-base fuels.The main objective of the current work id to investigate influences of blends of ethanol-petrol blend used in IC engine performance using energy and exergy analysis. Here, experimental work divided into mainly two parts. In first part, Engine performance carried out using E0, E25, E40 and E100 blends of ethanol-petrol blends. In other part, exergy analysis carried out. Experimental test set-up developed in laboratory. The stationary petrol engine was run in laboratory at a medium speed, variable load condition experienced in most urban driving conditions and various measurements like fuel flow, exhaust temperature, exhaust emission measurement and exhaust smoke test were carried out. The fuel properties of biodiesel such as kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point, carbon residue and specific gravity investigated. Heat balance sheet and availability calculated for different condition like E0, E25, E40 and E100 blends of ethanol-petrol blends. http://ijaers.com/detail/energy-and-energy-analysis-on-si-engine-by-blend-of-ethanol-with-petrol/ Kuntesh A Mithaiwal, Ashish J Modi, Dipak C Gosai http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-APR-2017-8-Energy and Energy Analysis on Si Engine.pdf In recent decades, Egypt has had high volume of investments a high density in the existing densely populated school buildings throughout Egypt. It should be noted that the buildings seismic design issued during the construction phase have been inadequate design. Consequently most of the school buildings are facing a seismic risk. In this Paper numerical development of fragility assessment curve for moment resisting frame reinforcement concrete of the existing school buildings in Egypt as the case study is presented herein. The Ambient Vibration Analysis (AVA) has provided a reliable means to evaluate the actual dynamic characteristics of the existing schools buildings, which can be concluded the actual numerical fragility curve of seismic risk mitigation. The study succeeded to present reliable fragility curves to show the peak ground acceleration for 50% probability of exceeding slight, moderate, and sever damage of ground acceleration approximating from 0.15 to 0.4 g using three real scaled time history of earthquakes Al-Aqaba occurred in 1995, Northridge occurred in 1994, and El-Centro occurred in 1940, respectively , to assess the structural seismic risk performance levels of existing Egyptian schools, for different return period earthquakes, for lives saving, repair costs, and the strengthening works after and/or pre- earthquake excitation. http://ijaers.com/detail/seismic-risk-assessment-of-existing-school-buildings-in-egypt/ Islam M. Ezz El-Arab http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-APR-2017-24-Seismic Risk Assessment of Existing School Buildings in Egypt.pdf Retracted Article http://ijaers.com/detail/itil-implementation-in-a-moroccan-stat-organization-the-case-of-incident-management-process/ Mourad EL Baz, Malik Motii Armand, Collins Anong, Belaissaoui Mustapha http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-MAR-2017-54-ITIL Implementation in a Moroccan Stat.pdf Future Indian Air force and Navy Capabilities indicate the need for a supersonic cruise missile. Therefore, there exists a need for a low cost, light-weight, and efficient means of supersonic propulsion. In this paper my main emphasis on Pulse Detonation Engine, in pulse detonation engine humphey cycle is used ,PDE has thermodynamic efficiency greater than 50% as compared to 35% for present day propulsion technology constant-pressure Brayton cycle currently in use in gas turbines/ramjets/scramjets. Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE’s) represent an upcoming new approach to propulsion and with the simplicity of its construction; PDE’s produce thrust more efficiently than the current engines and produces a higher specific thrust. Since current rocket engines require heavy and expensive pumps; with mechanical simplicity and thermodynamic efficiency PDE’s offer a viable alternative to reduce the cost of launching spacecraft. http://ijaers.com/detail/design-and-study-of-swirl-injector-of-pulse-detonation-engine/ Navdeep Banga, Kanika http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-APR-2017-12-Design and Study of Swirl Injector of Pulse Detonation Engine.pdf For any wireless sensor network to work effectively and efficiently in any kind of environment, preventing it from any kind of attack internally and externally, it is very important to setup the network keeping in mind the various parameters which must be considered. Some of the most important parameters are energy consumption, throughput, network area and initial energy that we give to the network. Another most important thing is the protocol that we use in the network. In this paper, the wireless sensor network is setup using LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), then SEP (Stable Election Protocol) and then ZSEP (Zonal Stable Election Protocol) and then initial energy that we give to the network is varied keeping the network area constant. The effect of change in initial energy is studied on these protocols and their performance is analyzed. http://ijaers.com/detail/performance-analysis-of-leach-sep-and-zsep-under-the-influence-of-energy/ Sulekha Kumari http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-APR-2017-25-Performance Analysis of LEACH.pdf In the current education system Teachers have to manually access each and every answer sheet of the student. It is very difficult to analyze each and every student and keep track of their progress, what they're good at or are lagging behind. Hence, it's a very time consuming and tedious process. Also there is no system tool for self-evaluation. The proposed system automatically generates Gap-Fill or one line questions from the input text. Provided it has a maintained list of keywords. When the students appear for the test, currently there is no system where automatic questions will be generated according to the test topic selected. This system proposes automatic question generator for a particular topic that would minimize the workload of the teachers by generating number of multiple Fill in the Blank questions for regular class tests. The students are evaluated on the generated questions. System also determines the polarity of the feedback given by the student. System helps teacher analyze student’s feedback about a topic and how well they've understood the topic, so that the teachers could resolve their problems and would help students work in particular area in which they're weak. http://ijaers.com/detail/students-learning-evaluation-using-learning-analytics/ Prof. U. M. Kalshetti, Keyur Kulkarni, Deepenkumar Patel, Sharang Nimbalkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-APR-2017-34-Students Learning Evaluation Using Learning Analytics.pdf With rapid increase in population, the issues related to sanitation with respect to garbage management are degrading immensely. It creates unhygienic conditions for the citizens in the nearby surrounding, leading to the spread of infectious diseases and illness. To avoid this problem, IoT based “Smart Waste Management” is the best and trending solution. In the proposed system, public dustbins will be provided with embedded device which helps in real time monitoring of level of garbage in garbage bins. The data regarding the garbage levels will be used to provide optimized route for garbage collecting vans, which will reduce cost associated with fuel. The load sensors will increase efficiency of data related to garbage level and moisture sensors will be used to provide data of waste segregation in a dust bin. The analysis of ceaseless data gathered will help municipality and government authorities to improve plans related to smart waste management with the help of various system generated reports. http://ijaers.com/detail/smart-waste-management-system-using-iot/ Prof. S.A. Mahajan, Akshay Kokane, Apoorva Shewale, Mrunaya Shinde , Shivani Ingale, http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-APR-2017-35-Smart Waste Management System using IoT.pdf This study is a natural extension of k-proper coloring of any simple and connected graph G. By an r-dynamic coloring of a graph G, we mean a proper k-coloring of graph G such that the neighbors of any vertex v receive at least min{r, d(v)} different colors. The r-dynamic chromatic number, written as r(G), is the minimum k such that graph G has an r-dynamic k-coloring. In this paper we will study the r-dynamic chromatic number of the coronation of path and several graph. We denote the corona product of G and H by G⨀▒H. We will obtain the r-dynamic chromatic number of χ_r (P_n⨀P_m ),χ_r (P_n⨀C_m )"and " χ_r (P_n⨀W_m ) for m, n>= 3. http://ijaers.com/detail/on-r-dynamic-chromatic-number-of-the-corronation-of-path-and-several-graphs/ Arika Indah Kristiana, Dafik, M. Imam Utoyo, Ika Hesti Agustin http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-APR-2017-28-On r-Dynamic Chromatic Number of the Corronation of Path and Several Graphs.pdf This paper investigates the factors that affect the price of the shares of industrial companies listed on the Stock Exchange in Ho Chi Minh City (HOSE). The data used in this study are collected according to the date of publication unified consumer price index of the Central Statistical Office (on the 24th of the last month of the quarter) from 2012 to 2015. Using regression analysis showed that EPS and exchange rate (USD / VND) and interest rate correlated to the profitability ratio of the shares the price of gold and the rate of inflation measured by the consumer price index (CPI) has negative correlation to rate profitability of the shares. http://ijaers.com/detail/determinants-of-stock-prices-of-joint-stock-companies-in-industrial-sector-listed-on-hcm-city-stock-exchange/ Vuong Quoc Duy, Le Long Hau, Nguyen Huu Dang http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-MAR-2017-76-Determinants of Stock Prices of Joint.pdf Routing is very important in data communication, especially in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In WSN, every node acts as a router, forwarding data packets to other nodes. There are various kinds of routing protocol and they act different in different scenario by their specialty. Routing protocols performance can be vary with various parameters such as speed time, seed time, pause time, number of node and network topology. In this paper, we discuss several routing protocols such as Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV),Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV),Dynamic Source Routing (DSR),Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV)and different connection types such as TCP, Constant Bit Rate (CBR) for WSN. In this research, we analyzed performance of routing protocols by considering different scenarios and metrics. We compare protocols performance by using several metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Loss Packet Ratio (LPR) and Average End to End Delay (E2E) with varying pause time and speed time. We use network simulator NS2.35 for compare and analyze WSN protocol performance. http://ijaers.com/detail/efficiency-and-performance-analysis-of-routing-protocols-in-wsn/ Kaysar Ahmed Bhuiyan , Md Whaiduzzaman, Mostofa Kamal Nasir http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-APR-2017-27-Efficiency and Performance analysis of routing protocols in WSN.pdf In this work, we modelled a simple n-channel Si Metal-Quantum confined layer-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MQSFET), which resembles exactly as the conventional Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) where SiO2 dielectric layer is replaced with a wide band gap C60 quantum confined layer of thickness 3nm and gold (Ψ=5.1eV) as metal contact. The capacitance and voltage characteristics at different temperatures from 100 K to 500 K and energy band gap are studied using Multi-dielectric Energy Band Diagram Program (MEBDP) simulation software, performed current-voltage transistor characteristics and analyzed the mobility of the charge carrier in the MQS sandwiched device structure using the Caughey-Thomas high saturation mobility model and the Lombardi surface mobility model. In these studies, we inferred a very low threshold voltage, when the donor concentration in the p-Si substrate is tuned between 1E16 to 1E17 cm-3 and a saturated flow of nanoamperes range of charge carrier at a low gate potential is even possible. http://ijaers.com/detail/study-of-electron-transport-in-fullerene-c60-quantum-confined-channel-layer-based-field-effect-transistor/ Cyril Robinson Azariah John Chelliah, Barbara Szymanik, Rajesh Swaminathan http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-APR-2017-11-Study of Electron Transport in Fullerene.pdf The requirement for highly integrated and programmable analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), area efficiency, and ultra-low-power and high speed analog-to-digital converters is pushing toward the use of dynamic regenerative comparators to amplify speed and power efficiency. In this paper, analytical expressions are derived and an analysis on the delay of the dynamic comparators will be presented. From the analytical expressions, designers can obtain an instinct about the main contributors to the comparator delay and fully explore the tradeoffs in dynamic comparator design. Based on the analysis made, a new dynamic comparator is proposed, where the circuit of a conventional double tail comparator is modified for fast operation and low-power even in small supply voltages. By adding few transistors, the positive feedback during the regeneration is strengthened, which results in remarkably reduced delay time. Post-layout simulation results in an 180nm CMOS technology confirm the analysis results. http://ijaers.com/detail/low-power-and-low-voltage-double-tail-dynamic-latch-comparator-using-180nm-technology/ Balayan Sapna, Gupta Anshu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-MAR-2017-72-Low Power and Low Voltage Double Tail Dynamic Latch Comparator using 180nm Technology.pdf Companding transforms useful under assumption of infinite bandwidth. Under band limited conditions OBR parameter filters out. So bandwidth is a factor that decides the filter-ing out OBR on the performance of companded OFDM sys-tems. As a result filtering becomes essential under band lim-ited conditions in turn this does deteriorate the system per-formance significantly. In this paper method proposed to overcome the performance degradation. Method called non symmetric scheme based on the use of curve fitting method to find out a suitable polynomial to be used for decom-panding at the receiver. This method indeed improves the performance in comparison to existing symmetric methods when filtering is necessary for band limited conditions. http://ijaers.com/detail/enhancement-of-analytical-obr-out-of-band-radiation-and-ber-calculation-for-digital-au-dio-video-broadcasting-in-companded-ofdm-system-using-non-symmetric-qam-qpsk-tecniques/ Santosh, Prof. Piyush Vyas, Prof. K. K. Arora http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-APR-2017-29-Enhancement of Analytical OBR.pdf Coastal area where clean drinking water availability is measured problem, which insist to innovate cheep, decentralized small-scale water production.The geographical conditions of vadodara (22.00N, 72.10E ),and kachh,Gujarat are best suitable for humidification-dehumidification (HDH) technique based on closed-water, open-air cycle where air heated system is used. There are different types of heat exchangers available as dehumidifiers for HDH applications vary but they have required strength to withstand corrosive nature of seawater, there for frames, collecting plates, fins are made of aluminum. In addition, special attention was exercised to avoid leakage of distillate water. Dehumidifiers is heat exchanger in which heat exchange is takes places between two fluids i.e. hot and cold that are at different temperatures. The heat exchange in the heat exchanger may be in the form of latent heat or sensible heat or combination of both. The HDH concept are also reviewed and compared. Further, novel proposals for improvement of the HDH cycle are outlined. It is notice that HDH technology has great promise to produced fresh water using circular solar collector, although additional research and development is needed for improving system efficiency and reducing capital cost. http://ijaers.com/detail/review-of-dehumidifier-with-association-to-solar-circular-collector-for-close-water-open-air-system-cwoa-humidification-dehumidification-process/ Anilkumar Motiram Patel http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19 IJAERS-APR-2017-44-Review of Dehumidifier with Association to Solar Circular Collector for Close Water.pdf Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) significantly improves the performance of spectrum sensing process in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Individual spectrum sensing by a cognitive radio (CR) is often inaccurate as the channel often experiences fading and shadowing effects. CSS has been shown to have many advantages in terms of spectrum use and robustness. Despite these facts, a CSS scheme also vulnerable to many security attacks from malicious users (MUs). In order to get unfair usage of spectrum band, MUs can generate false spectrum sensing reports to disturb the good secondary users (SUs) decision about presence of primary user (PU). In this paper, we consider the spectrum sensing data falsification attack (SSDF) in CSS and propose the protocol to identify and eliminate the attacker or malicious user (MU) to improve the network performance. In SSDF attack, MUs send the false spectrum sensing results to fusion center (FC) with the intension that it should make wrong decision about spectrum sensing. In this scenario, FC acts as a data collector to fuse the reports sent by SUs. http://ijaers.com/detail/an-empirical-estimation-of-css-cognitive-radio-network-performance-under-spectrum-sensing-data-falsification-attack/ Rajesh D. Kadu, Dr. Pravin P. Karde, Dr. V. M. Thakare http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20 IJAERS-APR-2017-43-An Empirical Estimation of CSS Cognitive Radio Network Performance under Spectrum.pdf This paper describe different techniques we can use for multiple sequence alignment. we have analyze different techniques we can use and find which one is better .We have taken several example as parameter. There is different approachthat we can apply in various conditions. This paper is concerned with the efficient execution Multiple sequence alignment methods in multiple client environments Multiple order alignment (MSA) is in a computational form Expensive method, which is commonly used in Large databases of computational and molecular biology Protein and gene sequences are available for scientists Community frequent, these databases are accessed to execute multiple user MSA queries Data is in server. http://ijaers.com/detail/high-quality-techniques-for-multiple-sequences-alignment/ Shalini Mehra http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21 IJAERS-APR-2017-36-High quality techniques for Multiple Sequences Alignment.pdf In this paper, we have presented a new design of explicit pulsed sense amplifier based flip-flop (SAFF) which gives high performance parameters. The most important factors need to be considered while designing efficient circuits are low power with less delay .Our proposed design attracted these performance parameters due to its design using GDI technique. Different topologies along with their layout simulations have been compared with respect to power consumption, delay and temperature sustainability in order to prove the superiority of proposed design. The simulation has been carried out on Tanner EDA tool on BSIM3v3 45nm technology. http://ijaers.com/detail/design-of-high-performance-and-energy-efficient-explicit-pulsed-sense-amplifier-based-flip-flop/ Priyanka Sharma http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/22 IJAERS-APR-2017-61-Design of High Performance and Energy Efficient.pdf Effects of refinery processes on the quality of various water samples from Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) Limited was investigated. Water quality assessment was carried out on samples collected at different water treatment sampling points in the refinery. The physicochemical parameters and other forms of analytical processes used in the work were of the standards of American Standards of Testing Materials (ASTM) and American Public Health Association (APHA) using spectrophotometric and volumetric methods. Results obtained showed that the quality of water samples subjected to treatment at each water treatment section in KRPC during the course of study was acceptable from physico-chemical parameters assessed and may not be injurious to the boiler and its other end uses. Also, result of the pre and post refinery operations on cooling water sample assessed showed the significant effect the refinery operation had on the cooling water. http://ijaers.com/detail/effects-of-refinery-processes-on-the-quality-of-various-water-samples-from-kaduna-refinery-and-petrochemical-company-krpc-limited/ C.T.Onyema, J.J. Ilebaye http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/23 IJAERS-MAR-2017-8-Effects of Refinery Processes on the Quality of Various Water Samples from Kaduna Refinery.pdf The Technology behind every electronic gadgets or device has a rapid growth in the market and also in the industry. As all the complex electronic devices are operating at higher frequency and operating in sub threshold region, which leads to delivering higher leakage power at lower operating voltages, and especially when the technology is gradually increasing, mostly in cmos design. So there ought to be a reliable mode of circuit or structure which can be a tradeoff between speed, power and area. So the broad side of this work designates the analysis of Gate diffused input method (GDI) which can be an alternative logic for the implementation of SRAM bit cell instead of CMOS, and relative, comparative analysis of delay & power of CMOS with GDI at 0.4v at 32nm Synopsys tools by obtaining the proper characteristics of ac and dc analysis. http://ijaers.com/detail/implementation-comparative-analysis-of-cmos-vs-gdi-for-8t-sram-functionality-under-power-delay-over-performance/ T. Vasudeva Reddy, Dr B. K. Madhavi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/24 IJAERS-APR-2017-37-Implementation & Comparative Analysis of CMOS vs GDI for 8T SRAM.pdf Diesel being the main transport fuel, developing countries like India spends a lot of money to import petroleum and the use of petroleum based fuels increased in the recent years is the main contributor to the urban air pollution. Finding a suitable alternative to diesel is an urgent need. Biofuels are renewable, can supplement petroleum based fuels. Due to pressure on edible oils, non-edible oils of Pongamia Pinnata (karanja) and Jatropa Curcas are evaluated as diesel fuel extender. Pongamia pinnata based bio-diesel (PBD) is receiving increasing attention in India because of its potential to increase the rural employment and relatively low impact on environment. Diesel engines running on PBD are found to emit higher oxides of nitrogen. In this work a single cylinder constant speed water cooled four stroke direct injection diesel engine is selected for the experimental investigations to model the performance and emission characteristics fueled with plain Diesel and Pongamia Bio-diesel blends PBD10 (10% Pongamia Bio-diesel and 90% Diesel) and PBD20 (20% Pongamia Bio-diesel and 80% Diesel) with different cooled EGR rates (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The performance parameters are analyzed include specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency whereas exhaust emissions include nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke opacity. The results of the experiments in each case were used to model the performance and emission parameters. Multivariate non linear regression analysis is carried out in Minitab software to model the performance and emission parameters. The predicted values were compared with experimental data. http://ijaers.com/detail/comparison-of-measured-and-predicted-performance-and-the-emission-characteristics-of-single-cylinder-ci-engine-using-pongamia-pinnata-based-bio-diesel/ A. Yazharsu, T. Rajagopal, U. Karthick, V.P. Srinivasan http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/25 IJAERS-APR-2017-49-Comparison of Measured and Predicted Performance and the Emission Characteristics.pdf Following on from the results of measurements of hardness, magnetizing force and the speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves of 09G2S steel samples at various cyclic operating time values, there is a phenomenon of transformation from the normal law of speed distribution of these parameters in power-mode distribution. It shows the submission of the behavior of metal as a complex system to the theory of the self-organized criticality. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-phenomenon-of-low-alloy-steel-distribution-transformation-parameters-at-cyclic-loading-in-low-cyclic-area/ Shipachev A., Nazarova M. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/26 IJAERS-APR-2017-38-A Phenomenon of Low-Alloy Steel Distribution Transformation.pdf Air pollution is an environmental issue studied worldwide, as it has serious impacts on human health. Therefore, forecasting its concentration is of great importance. Then, this study presents an analysis comprising the appliance of Unorganized Machines – Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) and Echo State Networks (ESN) aiming to predict particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 m (PM2.5) and less than 10 m (PM10). The databases were from Kallio and Vallilla stations in Helsinki, Finland. The computational results showed that the ELM presented best results to PM2.5, while the ESN achieved the best performance to PM10. http://ijaers.com/detail/forecasting-particulate-matter-concentrations-use-of-unorganized-machines/ Yara de Souza Tadano, Hugo Valadares Siqueira, Thiago Antonini Alves, Manoel Henrique de Nobrega Marinho http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/27 IJAERS-APR-2017-54-Forecasting Particulate Matter Concentrations.pdf The present research paper is aimed at determining water and sediment contents in crude oil by using centrifuge method in laboratory in which ASTM D 4007-02 is used to analyze the samples. Furthermore, water and sediment contents in crude oil should be removed because for custody transfer process purchasers prefer to pay only for crude oil and want to minimize the quantity of water and sediment contents in crude oil. Presence of water and sediment contents in crude oil creates problems such as corrosion of equipment when dealt in oil industry along with the problem of oil viscosity. We examined sixteen samples. Four samples were taken from Guwayer oil site area and remaining four from Khurmalla oil site area. These samples were analyzed properly at MNR laboratory in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The crude oils is considered as the best if it contains less water and sediment content and the vice versa is for the worst quality of crude oil .The method is easy and sharp to check the quantity of sediments and water in crude oil samples in lab and this quantity helps to tell the quality of crude oil. http://ijaers.com/detail/separation-of-sediment-contents-and-water-from-crude-oil-of-khurmala-and-guwayer-oil-fields-in-kurdistan-region-by-using-centrifuge-method/ Saima Jadoon, Arif Malik, Abdulfattah Ahmad Amin http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/28 IJAERS-MAR-2017-59-Separation of Sediment Contents and Water from Crude Oil of Khurmala and Guwayer.pdf In wireless mobile communication systems, the radio spectrum is limited resource. However, efficient use of such limited spectrum becomes more important when the two, three or more cells in the network become hot - spot. The use of available channels has been shown to improve the system capacity. The role of channel assignment scheme is to allocate channels to cells in such way as to minimize call-blocking probability or call dropping probability and also maximize the quality of service. Different channel allocation schemes are in use for mobile communication systems, of which the Hybrid channel allocation (HCA) a combination of Fixed and Dynamic channel allocation schemes (FCA and DCA respectively) was effective. In this paper, the performance of three different channel allocation schemes FCA, DCA and HCA will be analytically compared and the results are presented. http://ijaers.com/detail/call-blocking-probabilities-reduction-of-channel-assignment-in-mobile-communication-systems/ Mohamed Abdelghader Morsi, Dr. Amin Babkir A.Alnabi, Dr. Ashraf Gasim Alsid http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/29 IJAERS-APR-2017-48-Call Blocking Probabilities Reduction of Channel Assignment.pdf This article describes the main aspects of the use of it technologies in the economy of the metallurgical industry, the Author emphasized the relevance of the study based on the current state of the Russian economy and the prospects of this direction. The article reveals the problems of assessing the possibilities of using IT technologies in the economy. And offered some solutions, which is of practical value. http://ijaers.com/detail/notion-essence-and-evaluation-of-the-use-of-information-technologies-in-the-economy-of-metallurgical-industry/ Ghomrani Mohammed El Amine, Pavel B. Boldyrevskii http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/30 IJAERS-MAR-2017-15-Notion, Essence and Evaluation of the use of Information Technologies.pdf In the recent years the number of vehicles on road increases at high speed. A lot of road accidents and traffic congestion emerges. So to control it vehicular ad-hoc network came in picture. In the last few years many protocols were proposed to route the packets efficiently and correctly. But no one was capable of routing the packets in case of cross links. So, a protocol named GEOCROSS was proposed. The introduction of MANETs, VANETs, their routing protocols, protocol structure of VANET, how broadcasting takes place in VANET, how information is disseminated in VANET and VANET communication & routing protocols like vehicular collision warning communication (VCWC), vehicle heading based routing protocol (VHRP) and GEOCROSS routing protocol will discussed in this paper. http://ijaers.com/detail/performance-evaluation-and-study-of-routing-protocols-manet-vs-vanet/ Annu, Ms. Reema http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/31 IJAERS-APR-2017-46-Performance Evaluation and Study of Routing Protocols.pdf Power quality is becoming a major concern for many electrical users. The high power non linear loads (such as adjustable speed drives, arc furnace, static power converter etc) and low power loads (such as computer, fax machine etc) produce voltage fluctuations, harmonic currents and an inequality in network system which results into low power factor operation of the power system. The devices commonly used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to go through rectification for their proper functioning and operation. Due to the increasing demand of these devices, the line current harmonics create a major problem by degrading the power factor of the system thus affecting the performance of the devices. Hence there is a need to reduce the input line current harmonics so as to improve the power factor of the system. This has led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. Power Factor Correction (PFC) involves two techniques, Active PFC and Passive PFC. An active power factor circuit using Boost Converter is used for improving the power factor. This thesis work analyzes the procedural approach and benefits of applying Bridgeless Boost Topology for improving the power factor over Boost Converter Topology. A traditional design methodology Boost Converter Topology is initially analyzed and compared with the Bridgeless Boost topology and the overall Power Factor (PF) can be improved to the expectation. Method of re-shaping the input current waveform to be similar pattern as the sinusoidal input voltage is done by the Boost converter and the related controls that act as a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit. Higher efficiency can be achieved by using the Bridgeless Boost Topology. In this paper simulation of Boost Converter topology and Bridgeless PFC boost Converter is presented. Performance comparisons between the conventional PFC boost Converter and the Bridgeless PFC Boost Converter is done. http://ijaers.com/detail/power-factor-correction-using-bridgeless-boost-topology/ Sachin Saini, Piyush Sharma, Dheeraj Kumar Dhakad, Love Kumar Tripathi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/32 IJAERS-MAR-2017-61-Power Factor Correction Using Bridgeless Boost Topology.pdf In order to track and detect continuous natured objects in wireless sensor networks, large number of sensor nodes are involved. These continuous objects like bio-chemical diffusions, forest fires, oil spills usually spread over larger area. The nodes that sense the phenomena need to communicate with each other for exchanging the information and also send sensing information to sink, possibly by passing through many intermediate nodes. In this paper, we have reviewed boundary detection in 2-D wireless sensor networks as well as in 3-D wireless sensor networks. A comparative study between the both has also been shown. The various challenges encountered in 3-D wireless sensor networks have also been discussed. http://ijaers.com/detail/boundary-detection-in-2-d-and-3-d-wireless-sensor-networks/ Aditi Pandey, Ranjana Thalore http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/33 IJAERS-APR-2017-60-Boundary Detection in 2-D and 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks.pdf Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET’s provide communication between vehicles moving on the roads.Many protocols have been adopted to serve different topology and scenarios. We introduce and reviewPosition based Routing Protocols, Broadcast based routing protocols, Multicast/Geocast routing protocols, Cluster based routing protocols. The survey of routing protocols in VANET is very essential and necessary for smart ITS. This paper also discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of the above mentioned routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. The challenges and perspectives of routing protocols for VANET’s are finally discussed. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-review-of-various-routing-protocols-in-vanet/ Rajashree Dutta, Ranjana Thalore http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/34 IJAERS-APR-2017-63-A Review of Various Routing Protocols in VANET.pdf In the present study, the quality of groundwater samples was evaluated in terms of certain water quality parameters. The 24 groundwater samples were collected from the villages located along the Krishna river in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Nine most significant quality parameters were determined for all the water samples collected. Water quality index values were calculated by incorporating data of quality parameters in to mathematical equations. Based on the water quality index values, the quality of water is assessed. From the results, it is found that all the water samples are of good quality and suitable for drinking/domestic purpose. http://ijaers.com/detail/assessment-of-quality-of-groundwater-in-certain-villages-nearby-krishna-river-krishna-district-andhra-pradesh-india/ V. Rajesh, R. L. N. Charyulu, B. V. Ravi Kumar, B. Prasanna Kumar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/35 IJAERS-APR-2017-56-Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Certain Villages.pdf As a civil engineer and human being it’s our prime duty prime to save environment, because lack of water absorption and air permeability of common concrete pavement, rain water is not entered in to the ground directly. It will reduce ground water table, plants are difficult to grow normally, difficult to maintain temperature and humidity of earth. To minimize such affects, the research on pervious concrete pavement widely done for road way application. In this study, determine compressive strength, porosity test on pervious concrete. The compressive strength is relatively low because of its porosity but at the same time we increase water absorption quality. Due to low strength we cannot be used as a road pavement. The pervious concrete can only be applied to footpaths, parking and where low strength is required. http://ijaers.com/detail/experimental-study-on-pervious-concrete-an-eco-friendly-concrete-pavement/ Yogesh N. Sonawane http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/36 IJAERS-APR-2017-57-Experimental Study on Pervious Concrete.pdf In this paper, optical analysis of spherical concentrator is made to determine the local and the global geometric concentration, as knowing the geometric concentration of a system can help predict what temperatures can possibly be obtained with it.This leads to conclude that spherical collectors may produce higher temperatures than parabolic trough, and they could even be sharply improved by using a mixt cylindrical and cavity (or flat) absorber. A craft prototype of a steady spherical concentrator made with concreteand having a smooth inner surface mapped with mirror tape is presented. Its absorber is made with blacken steel sheets and shaped like a moon crescent to be aligned with the declination plan and to avoid motorization for the tracking of the sun from East to West. Experimental measurements lead to temperatures reaching 686°C on the curve of the least diffusion, and 252°C in the absorber oven-like reservoir. Overall, the resultsuggests higher potentialities of spherical collectors,which also show possibility of use with much reduced tracking system and less vulnerability to bad weather. http://ijaers.com/detail/optical-and-thermal-performance-analysis-of-a-steady-spherical-collector-with-a-crescent-shaped-rotating-absorber/ Thierry S. M. Ky, Boureima Dianda, Moktar Ousmane, Magloire Pakouzou, Sie Kam, Dieudonne J. Bathiebo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/37 IJAERS-APR-2017-16-Optical and thermal performance analysis of a steady spherical collector.pdf Nowadays Bioinformatics, proteomics and Genomics are the most intriguing sciences to understand the human genome and diseases. Several hereditary genetic diseases like Retinoblastoma involve a sequence of complex interactions between multiple biological processes. With this paper, genetic similarities were found within a selected group of patient’s DNA sequences through the use of signal processing tools. DNA, RNA and protein sequences have similarities in structure and function of the gene with their location. In this paper, we introduce a novel method using scoring matrix and wavelet windowing, for the integrative gene prediction. The proposed methods not only integrate multiple genomic data but can be used to predict gene location, gene mutation and genetic disorder from the multi-block genomic data. The performance was assessed by simulation. http://ijaers.com/detail/susceptibility-gene-prediction-in-hereditary-disease-retinoblastoma/ S. Sumathi, Dr. R. Dhaya, Dr. R. Kanthavel http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/38 IJAERS-APR-2017-42-Susceptibility Gene Prediction in Hereditary Disease Retinoblastoma.pdf The work on “Development of automated room security system” using Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of security of a room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the count will be incremented by one and the set limit is checked, if the count is less than the set limit then the door opens and the person is granted access. When any one leaves the room then count will be decremented by one. If the total count exceeds the set limit then the buzzer is sound and the image of the person trying to enter the room is captured via a camera. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. 89s51Microcontroller continuously monitor the sensors, an IR Sensor sends signal to the microcontroller , to increment or decrement the count accordingly. The system includes IR sensor, microcontroller, LCD, display, buzzer, camera and a 12v power is supplied to run the system. The system uses a compact circuitry built around 89s51 microcontroller programs are developed in Embedded C. http://ijaers.com/detail/development-of-automated-room-security-system/ Saksham Rastogi, Rahul Das, Kriti http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/39 IJAERS-APR-2017-70-Development of Automated Room Security System.pdf Failure patterns of mechanical components and materials can be observed by surface deformations. Preventive maintenance always minimizes the failure patterns and here is a method proposed which not only minimizes the failures but also analyses the life expectancy of such components and materials. Image processing using Matlab Tool Boxes is emerging as a perfect simulation platform and by writing simple codes one can see its effect which can be analyzed by ease. The paper proposes a robust image processing technique and is developed on Matlab platform. http://ijaers.com/detail/advanced-image-processing-technique-for-failure-analysis/ Smt. Maya. V. Lakha, Dr. S. P. RajaManohar, Dr. K. ChennaKeshava Reddy, Dr .Abdul Sattar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/40 IJAERS-MAY-2017-8-Advanced Image Processing Technique for Failure Analysis.pdf A novel humidity optical sensor was fabricated based on adsorption of water vapor via the hydrochromic reflective filtration behavior of conjugated Salen polymer, immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV). This process was attributed to the hydrophilic behavior of the electro-synthesized conjugated Salen-based polymer when contacting with water vapors especially during coordination with K+ through the electro-synthesis process. Optical image of the hydrochromic reflective filter was considered as appropriate detection system for relative humidity (RH) sensing purpose. The mechanism of the change in the color intensity was evaluated via optical filtration of a white laser diode as polychromatic optical source via filtration by the conjugated polymer during its reflection from a smooth surface such as GC. The GC electrode therefore acted as both i) the working electrode during the electrochemical synthesis by CV, and ii) light reflector (mirror) during the light radiation. In this study the electrochemical and optical properties of the GC was compared to a graphite or metal electrode. Parameters such as linearity, rise/fall time, sensitivity, and selectivity of each the fabricated humidity optical sensor were evaluated. Also, dependency of humidity sensor to temperature was investigated. The intensity of the blue component was linearly increased over a wide range of RH between 5 - 80%. The fabricated optical sensor had improved detection limit (0.17% RH), standard saturated limit (>80% RH), accepted relative standard deviation (RSD= 3.6%, n=3), short rise time (~9.5 s compared to the commercial RH sensor), good linearity (R=0.9971) and maximum~7.5 % RH hysteresis. Effects of interferences such as H2, CO, CO2, NOx, He, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were also considered. Results showed no noticeable interfering effects. This sensor was applicable for selective and reliable detection of %RH in different environmental samples without having any significant interferences. http://ijaers.com/detail/electro-synthesized-conjugated-salen-polymer-glassy-carbon-as-hydrochromic-reflective-filter-for-humidity-detection-introduction-of-humidity-optical-sensor/ Mohammad Mahdi Doroodmand, Sina Owji http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/41 IJAERS-FEB-2017-68-Electro-synthesized Conjugated Salen Polymer-Glassy Carbon.pdf In Wireless Sensor Networks due to limited energy and resources it is very important to conserve energy and improve utilization of its resources by reducing latency. In this paper we focus on Medium Access Control protocols proposed to adapt towards more efficient use of energy and decreasing latency. We discuss how protocols like DMAC, T-MAC, DSMAC, AREA-MAC and adaptable CSMA/CA MAC work on sleep duration, decreasing idle listening and overhearing, and collision of packets. These protocols enhance their channel adaptation methods for varying traffic conditions, providing a tradeoff between various parameters like energy conservation, throughput, fairness and latency. Additionally we compare all these protocols based on their various assumptions and metric parameters. Finally, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of some of these protocols to provide an insight for their favorability under various environments. http://ijaers.com/detail/energy-efficient-mac-protocols-with-adaptive-duty-cycle-for-wireless-sensor-networks/ Kaushik Ghosh, Prashansa Choudhary http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/42 IJAERS-APR-2017-45-Energy Efficient MAC Protocols with Adaptive Duty Cycle.pdf The study showed that Phoenix academy employees staff with appropriate skills and experience, has the right number of staff purchase school items only when required, have measures to counter school defaulters, do not keep variable cost-volume profits below 30% of incomes, do not take staff for further training, outsource some staff and that the school gives allowances to staff. The study revealed that the school use sales maximization approach to profits they do aim at profit maximization, their profits do not grow steadily over the years, profits are considered basing on the revenues and investments and do not keep profits at 25% of revenues. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-relationship-between-cost-volume-profit-management-and-profitability-in-private-organizations/ Dr. Ghassan Farouk Ghandour http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/43 IJAERS-APR-2017-62-The Relationship between Cost-Volume Profit Management.pdf