http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us September 2017 Energy is one of the basic needs for human being. One of the most vital energy sources is electricity. Electricity is a type of energy that sustains survival of human being, more particularly in industrial sector. Efficiency in industrial sector refers to a state where electricity is used to as little as possible to produce the same amount of product. The case study was conducted in marine commodity sector, anchovy and jellyfish supplier. The supplier was classified as SME that installed 33,000 VA electric powers (B2). The data were in the form of energy consumption intensity (ECI) and specific energy consumption (SEC) to determine the energy efficiency level. The objective of the study was to classify the efficiency level of electricity consumption using Sugeno Fuzzy method. The findings of the study were 1) the average ECI between January, 2016 and April, 2017 was 1,949 kWh/m2; it was classified as efficient; 2) the average SEC at the same period was 126,108 kWh/ton; it was classified as excessive. Sugeno Fuzzy logic was implemented to determine efficiency level of electricity in this company. Based on the average ECI and SEC, the electricity consumption of the company was categorized as excessive with FIS Sugeno output of 0.803. http://ijaers.com/detail/implementation-of-fuzzy-sugeno-method-for-power-efficiency/ Riza Alfita, Durrotul Mamluah, Miftachul Ulum, Rosida Vivin Nahari http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-AUG-2017-26-Implementation of Fuzzy Sugeno.pdf In the broadest definition, a sensor is an electronic component, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor. Temperature is most-measured process variable in the industrial automation. The most commonly, temperature sensor was used to convert the temperature value to the electrical value. The temperature sensors are the key to read the temperatures correctly and to control the temperature in the industrials applications. Such "smart" temperature sensors combine a sensor and interface electronics on the single chip, and are preferably manufactured in a low-cost standard CMOS process. http://ijaers.com/detail/high-performance-smart-temperature-sensor-using-voltage-controlled-ring-oscillator/ Praveen Kumar Sharma, Gajendra Sujediya http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-SEP-2017-2-High Performance Smart Temperature.pdf In this paper an alternative version of the well-known “light clocks” experiment is discussed. The so-called Lorentz transformations, backbone of the Special Relativity theory, are herein deduced by resorting to the above-mentioned experiment, albeit with a different meaning. Time dilation and length contraction are not considered as being real phenomena. Time, in fact, is peremptorily postulated as being absolute. Nonetheless, this strong assumption does not imply that instruments and devices of whatever kind, finalized to measure time, are not influenced by motion. In particular, although the “light clock” in the mobile frame ticks, so to say, more slowly than the one at rest, it can be easily shown how no time dilation actually occurs. The apparent length contraction is considered as being nothing but a banal consequence of a deceptive time measurement. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-light-clocks-thought-experiment-and-the-fake-lorentz-transformations/ Carmine Cataldo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-SEP-2017-3-The Light Clocks Thought.pdf Many authors at criticizing the conventional explanation of aerodynamic lift based on Bernoulli's law commit the same mistake laying within the scope of mechanics and ignoring the effects of viscosity in the generation of forces. Because it is an irreversible process, we affirm that it is not possible to generate lift without increasing entropy. And for an increase of entropy it must be considered the viscosity and vorticity. http://ijaers.com/detail/considerations-on-the-lift-force/ Osvaldo Missiato, Celso Luis Levada, Oswaldo Melo Souza Filho, Alexandre Luis Magalhâes Levada http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-SEP-2017-4-Considerations on the Lift Force.pdf Celiac disease (CD) is a common multi-system autoimmune disease, affecting approximately 1% of people worldwide 1. Predisposed individuals develop an immune response to gluten, a protein found in the cereal grains: wheat, barley and rye. Autoimmune intestinal damage is the cardinal feature of celiac disease, and typically involves villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes 2. Symptoms may be subclinical, varying from gastrointestinal upset to severe malabsorption 3,4. Skin, nervous system, and multisystem involvement is also recognized. Strict avoidance of gluten-containing foods can reverse both enteric and extra-intestinal manifestations of the disease. http://ijaers.com/detail/adherence-to-gluten-free-diet-in-pakistan-role-of-dietitian/ Sumaira Nasim, Zainab Hussain http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-AUG-2017-10-Adherence to Gluten Free Diet.pdf The most challenging task of software project management is the cost estimation. Cost estimation is to accurately assess required assets and schedules for software improvement ventures and it includes a number of things under its wide umbrella, for example, estimation of the size of the software product to be produced, estimation of the effort required, and last but not the least estimating the cost of the project. The overall project life cycle is impacted by the accurate prediction of the software development cost. The COCOMO model makes employments of single layer feed forward neural system while being actualized and prepared to utilize the perceptron learning algorithm. To test and prepare the system the COCOMO dataset is actualized. This paper has the goal of creating the quantitative measure in not only the current model but also in our proposed model. http://ijaers.com/detail/software-cost-estimation-using-single-layer-artificial-neural-network/ Shaina Arora, Nidhi Mishra http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-SEP-2017-1-Software Cost Estimation using Single.pdf The government set the average sound intensity in the morning and evening around the non-noise places of worship is 55 dB. Measuring instrument the intensity of sounds around places of worship during the day and night is needed to record data during the day and night. Arduino board is a combination of hardware and software with low resource requirements, which allows user to interact with objects (physical quantities) in the vicinity. Keyes- 037 microphone sound sensor module is a high-sensitivity sound detector. SKU-316412 is a data logging system equipped with an SD card interface for memory cards capable of storing 32 MB to 8 GB of data. The arduino and it’s both modules can be assembled into a measuring instrument and sound recording intensity to be placed in the desired places. http://ijaers.com/detail/sound-intensity-measuring-instrument-based-on-arduino-board-with-data-logger-system/ Intan Nurjannah, Drs. Alex Harijanto, Drs. Bambang Supriadi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-AUG-2017-11-Sound Intensity Measuring Instrument.pdf The effects of friction stir welding (FSW) on the microstructure and hardness of rolled pure aluminium 6061 were investigated. The weld was obtained by varying its tilt angle (2°) and Pin diameter (6mm). Tensile strength & % Elongation was carried out to evaluate the strength of the weld. Optical microscope study was carried out to study the uniform stirring of materials. The stir zone (SZ) contains fine, equiaxed and fully recrystallized grains. Thermo mechanically- affected zone (TMAZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material (BM) were different. Hardness test indicated that the minimum and maximum hardness values were obtained in the HAZ and BM, respectively. http://ijaers.com/detail/study-on-impact-of-microstructure-and-hardness-of-aluminium-alloy-after-friction-stir-welding/ Gosula Suresh http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-SEP-2017-9-Study on Impact of Microstructure.pdf A fixed oscillating water column (OWC)-type wave energy converter is composed of an air chamber for primary conversion and an air turbine for secondary conversion. In the optimal design method of a fixed OWC-type wave energy converter, it is necessary to develop a design method which can consider the characteristics of incident wave motion, the motion of the internal free surface affected in the structure such as a partly submerged wall, the fluctuation of air pressure in an air chamber, the rotation of the air turbine. In this paper, the 2-dimensional wave tank tests in regular waves for the performance evaluation of the air turbines in a fixed OWC-type wave energy converter were conducted to obtain the data needed to make this design method. As the results, the effects of the impulse turbine specification such as the rotor inlet/outlet angle, the guide vane’s number and the vane’s setting angle on the primary and secondary conversion efficiencies are clarified experimentally. Furthermore, the performances of the Wells turbines with different number of blade are presented for comparison of the operating condition. http://ijaers.com/detail/experimental-research-on-performances-of-air-turbines-for-a-fixed-oscillating-water-column-type-wave-energy-converter/ Tengen Murakami, Yasutaka Imai, Shuichi Nagata, Manabu Takao, Toshiaki Setoguchi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-SEP-2017-16-Experimental Research on Performances.pdf In this paper the well-known Schwarzschild Solution is discussed. In the first section, by resorting, as usual, to the Einstein Field Equations, a short summary of the conventional derivation is provided. In the second section, we carry out an alternative derivation of the Schwarzschild Metric. The above-mentioned procedureis based upon several noteworthy hypotheses, among which the existence of a further spatial dimension stands out. Initially, we postulate a Universe identifiable with a 4-ball, homogeneously filled with matter, whose radius equates the Schwarzschild Radius. Then, in order to obtain the vacuum field, all the available mass is ideally concentrated in a single point.By imposing a specific condition concerning the measured radius, we deduce a metric that, if subjected to an appropriate parametrization, allows us to finally obtain the Schwarzschild solution. http://ijaers.com/detail/on-the-schwarzschild-solution-a-review/ Carmine Cataldo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-SEP-2017-22-On the Schwarzschild Solution.pdf It is not uncommon, during contractor selection process, for prequalifier’s decisions to be informed by certain parameters. In the light of this, the choice of the criteria to be eventually adopted depends on factors that play complimentary role when the contractor is to be selected. Therefore, this study assesses the factors that determine the choice of contractors’ prequalification criteria for civil engineering project. The purpose is to bring the unrecognised factors into limelight by establishing the degree of their relevance on the choice of contractor’s prequalification criteria as well as ascertaining their importance to meeting stakeholder’s objectives. The objectives include identifying the factors which determine the choice of contractors’ prequalification criteria for civil engineering project and assess the importance of the factors to meeting stakeholders’ expectation. The study employ well-structured questionnaire distributed to various category of respondents comprising Civil/Structural Engineers, Quantity Surveyors and Architects engaging in civil engineering project. It adopts percentile, mean item score (MIS) and relative importance index (RII) in the analysis of the data derived from the retrieved questionnaire. Result indicates that, apart from Civil/Structural Engineers, employment into civil engineering organizations favours Quantity Surveyors than Architects. Construction of building is paramount among civil engineering organizations with little involvement in railway project. The choice of contractors’ prequalification criteria for civil engineering project is dictated by a number of factors with project type emerging the most influential. Importance of the factors touches the client, consultants and contractor. It recommends that Quantity Surveyors should embrace continuous professional development. Factors influencing the choice of contractors’ prequalification criteria must be duly considered before taking final decision on the criterion/criteria to adopt in choosing the contractor for civil engineering project prioritizing project type. http://ijaers.com/detail/assessment-of-factors-responsible-for-the-choice-of-contractors-prequalification-criteria-for-civil-engineering-project-consultants-perspective/ Akinmusire Adeleye Ola, Alabi Olumuyiwa Michael, Olofinsawe Moses Akinloye http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-SEP-2017-5-Assessment of Factors Responsible for the Choice.pdf The development of sensor, information and communication technology, or new technology, has contributed to the development of robot technology. A new generation of service robots has been developed, and the highest number of their practical applications is for defense and security. Progress and development of information technology, sensor technology and servo-drive is responsible for the development of over 600 different types or prototype service robots. Service robots are designed for professional jobs and service jobs that are used in everyday life. The rapid development of computer management enabled the rapid development of various service robots that can move independently, autonomously exchange information with their surroundings and act completely autonomously (UV Unmanned Vehicles - vehicles that operate autonomously without human management). They can be used in all operating conditions on land, air and water, which is most important for the development of service robots for defense and security. Different applications of service robots for defense and security have been developed, and some are described in the paper, as well as the tendency of their application in the recent years. A large number of service robots for defense and security were developed, which are used for obtaining information about the vulnerability of human populations during earthquakes, fires or military activities. After obtaining information, we can make proper decisions that will serve the purpose of rescue and assistance to the ones in danger. The tendency of application of service robots for security and defense is constantly rising in the past few years. It is estimated that the development of sophisticated service robots for defense, rescue and security will continue in the future, and the number of applications will increase. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-tendency-of-development-and-application-of-service-robots-for-defense-rescue-and-security/ Isak Karabegovic, Milena Dukanovic http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-SEP-2017-17-The Tendency of Development and Application.pdf In this paper, a simple inverted L-shaped monopole antenna is presented for portable wireless devices. The designed antenna performances and specific absorption analysis is investigated. The antenna can operate at widely used GSM bands 850, 1800, 1900 and LTE 2100MHz. A relatively inexpensive dielectric substrate material FR4 is considered to design the antenna. The Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis and antenna performances comply the antenna to apply in mobile communication systems. http://ijaers.com/detail/computational-performances-and-em-absorption-analysis-of-a-monopole-antenna-for-portable-wireless-devices/ Mohammed Shamsul Alam http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-AUG-2017-17-Computational Performances.pdf This paper presents a finite element algorithm for nonlinear dynamic analysis of cracked beams on an elastic foundation subjected to moving mass. Quantity surveying with parameters of varied cracks, foundation and loads shows their influence levels on the nonlinear dynamic response of the beams. The findings of the paper are the basis for the analysis, evaluation, and diagnosis of damages of beam structures on the elastic foundation subjected to moving loads, in which the common defects of the beams such as cracks are considered in order to improve the system’s operational efficiency in a wide range of engineering applications. http://ijaers.com/detail/nonlinear-dynamic-analysis-of-cracked-beam-on-elastic-foundation-subjected-to-moving-mass/ Nguyen Thai Chung, Le Pham Binh http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-SEP-2017-8-Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis.pdf A three-dimensional survey was carried out to Eastern Baghdad oil field, which consist three parts, the area of (EB South- 2 ) approximately 179,875 km2 and ( EB South-1) is about (602.03) km2, while the space segment (EB South-3) is approximately to (419.095) km2. In this research, was focused on Hartha Formation only. Based on many tests to designation of pre-planning of the survey to get good signal to noise ratio for receivers in addition to the best suit for vibrators distribution and also getting the best signal source where spread of a 60-line impact and the distance between the point of receive and the other are (2 meters), also using (5) vibrators Type (NOMAD 65) with a maximum capacity of (62000 LB) for each shock. Where all processes work such as enhancing signal at the expense of noise, correction CDP gather for Normal Move Out (NMO) and stack them, correction for influence of near-surface time delays (static correction), filtering processes, providing velocity information, increasing resolution and collapsing diffractions and placing dipping events in their correct subsurface locations (migration) This processes are achieved using computers, they include many mathematical processes depend on physical fundamentals. The main processes in seismic data processing include : stacking, deconvolution, and migration. By using the information of EB-1 Well, and making the relationship time-depth curve of EB-1 then following up on getting synthetic to be linked later with seismic data and sections to obtain a real subsurface image. http://ijaers.com/detail/data-acquisition-and-processing-of-hartha-formation-in-the-east-baghdad-oil-field-central-of-iraq/ Salman Z. Khorshid, Falih M. Duaij, Hayder H. Majeed http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-SEP-2017-20-Data Acquisition and Processing.pdf This study examines the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in trend analysis of landcover/landuse change in Patani L.G.A, Delta State Nigeria from 2005 to 2015. Thus the study is to carry out a multi-temporal analysis of development trends, thereby detecting the changes that have taken place between these periods. Two Landsat images, Landsat 7ETM+ (2005) and Landsat 8OLI (2015) were acquired, classified and change detection analysis was performed to determine the multi-temporal landcover/landuse changes between the years. The results showed that vegetation decreased from 16673.73 hectares in 2005 to 15973.9 hectares in 2015 covering 75.45% of landcover/landuse class in the study area, built up area gained from 3684.03 hectares in 2005 to 4346.37 hectares in 2015 covering 20.53 % in the study area, while water bodies also increased from 812.29 hectares in 2005 to 849.78 hectares in 2015 covering 4% of the study area. The study also indicated that the annual growth rate of Built up area has increased at 0.82% from 2005 to 2015, vegetation decreasing significantly at the rate of -0.21% from 2005 to 2015, and water bodies also increasing at a rate of 0.22% from 2005 to 2015. The results from this study can serve as a base for decision making and planning for urban planning and regional developments in Patani L.G.A. http://ijaers.com/detail/trend-analysis-of-landcover-landuse-change-in-patani-l-g-a-delta-state-nigeria/ Ojiako J.C, Igbokwe E.C http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-SEP-2017-23-Trend Analysis of Landcover.pdf Polygalacturonases belong to the family of pectinases, enzymes that are in high demand in industry because of their many different applications. This study therefore sought to examine the production of polygalacturonases using an endophytic fungus, Penicilium brevicompactum, isolated from Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) through semi solid fermentation using orange peels and citric pectin 2% as base substrate, supplemented with different carbon sources. After the fermentation process, the enzyme was characterized. The results showed that the micro-organism was able to use a wide range of carbon sources, but with polygalacturonase activity varying with each source. The highest yield, however, was achieved after 30 hours of incubation in the presence of 4% of galactose and 2% of pectin. Studies on the characterization of the polygalacturonase revealed that the optimal temperature of this enzyme is 72°C and that it maintains 60 and 15% of its maximum activity when incubated for 2 hours at 40 and 90°C, respectively. The optimal pH for the activity of the enzyme was 4.6. The enzyme retained 65 and 30% of its maximum activity when incubated at pH 3.5 and 9.5, respectively, for 24 hours at ambient temperature. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Mg2+ ions. On the other hand, it was inhibited by the ions Cs+2, Hg+2, Li+2 and Sr+2. The ions Zn+2 and Cu+2 inhibited it by 94% and 69%, respectively. http://ijaers.com/detail/characterization-of-polygalacturonases-produced-by-the-endophytic-fungus-penicillium-brevicompactum-in-solid-state-fermentation-ssf/ Sideney Becker Onofre, Ivan Carlos Bertoldo, Dirceu Abatti, Douglas Refosco, Amarildo A. Tessaro, Alessandra B. Tessaro http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-AUG-2017-25-Characterization of polygalacturonases.pdf This study is deal with seismic structural and stratigraphic interpretation that applied on the East Razzaza (central of Iraq) area, by using 2D seismic data from Oil Exploration Company. Three main seismic reflectors were picked. These reflectors are Zubair, Yamama and Gotnia Formations, which were used to define petrophysical well logs and synthetic seismograms , that are calculated from sonic-logs of the wells of East Baghdad-1 (Eb-1) and West Kifl-1(Wk-1) by Geoframe program, to interpret the Yamama basin and the boundaries of the basin (Zubair and Gotnia Formations), and suggest a stratigraphic model for the study area. Structural maps are prepared for each reflector in addition to analyze stratigraphic features on the seismic sections to obtain the location and direction of the sedimentary basin and shoreline. It is concluded that the basin lies in the east and south east of the area. Seismic stratigraphic interpretation of the area approves the presence of some stratigraphic features in the studied formations. Some distributary buildup mound and carbonate platform are determined. Yamama Formation is interpreted to represent a carbonate platform, and it is divided into three sequences; they represent progradational seismic facies (sigmoid). Maximum flooding surface (MFS) is recognized on top of Yamama Formation and system tracts are determined on the basis of seismic and log data. Seismic attributes technique was used to predict the physical properties distribution of Yamama Formation succession. http://ijaers.com/detail/seismic-stratigraphy-study-of-the-east-razzaza-in-jurassic-cretaceous-succession-central-iraq/ Layalen H. Ali, Salman Z. khorshid , Ghazi H.AL.Sharaa http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-SEP-2017-18-Seismic stratigraphy study of the East.pdf