http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us January 2018 The Finite Element method is one of the most widely used methods by Engineers in the various areas of activity, especially Mechanical Engineering, to design or solve problems. However, the understanding of the method is not always easy to perform, since in the literature, when explaining the method, the examples are generic or presented quickly. Thus, this paper presents the solution of a problem involving a rocking beam (set), which is solved analytically and later by the finite element method. The comparison of the solutions found is established as reflection analysis. Elasticity theory, Ordinary Differential Equations and Finite Element Method are used to approximate the reader of the Finite Element Method, in a concise and objective, easy-to-understand reading performed with a reduced explanation. Comparing the method by means of a problem. http://ijaers.com/detail/introduction-to-the-method-of-finite-elements-by-a-balance-sheet-problem-a-simplification-for-an-initial-understanding-of-the-method/ Júlio Paulo Cabral dos Reis, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-NOV-2017-26-Introduction to the Method.pdf Silencer was considered with and without modifying in order to reduce the vibration. Design and modeling have been done with specifying different material properties. Finite Element Method was used for the modeling and simulations. The harmonic analysis has been performed by using ANSYS 18.0. The natural frequency and working frequency are the very important parameters to study the resonance. It is mandatory to avoid this resonating condition. These frequencies are distinguished with the help of ANSYS 18.0. http://ijaers.com/detail/vibration-analysis-of-silencer-based-on-fem-and-fft-analyser/ Sonali D. Alone,M. A. Mohite http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-DEC-2017-28-Vibration Analysis of Silencer.pdf The presented paper is focused to the optimization of the parameters of a hydraulic excavator swinging mechanism. A trapezoidal velocity profile is considered for rotation of the excavator platform to the predefined angle. Equations for the torque and power, needed to rotate the platform according to the prescribed trapezoidal trajectory are derived. The maximum values of the driving torque and power are optimized. http://ijaers.com/detail/optimization-of-the-parameters-of-a-hydraulic-excavator-swinging-mechanism/ Rosen Mitrev http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-DEC-2017-37-Optimization of the parameters.pdf A thermosyphon is a gravity-assisted heat pipe used to improve the heat transfer in several applications. In this paper, a thermal analysis of a finned thermosyphon for heat exchanger applications was experimentally researched. The thermosyphon was manufactured from a copper tube the external diameter of 9.45 mm, the inner diameter of 7.75 mm, and a total length of 200 mm. The working fluid used was water with a filling ratio of 40% of the evaporator volume. The condenser was cooled by air forced convection, the adiabatic section was insulated with fiberglass and the evaporator was heated by an electrical resistor. Experimental tests were performed to a heat load from 5 up to 50W at vertical position (evaporator above condenser). As a result of the research, the thermosyphon operated satisfactorily to the tested position. Also, the finned thermosyphon obtained better thermal performance than the un-finned condenser, proving the effectiveness of the fin application. http://ijaers.com/detail/thermal-analysis-of-a-finned-thermosyphon-for-heat-exchanger-applications/ V.M. Aguiar, G.A. Bartmeyer, L. Krambeck, P.H.D. Santos, T. Antonini Alves http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-DEC-2017-35-Thermal Analysis of a Finned.pdf The current study includes building a 3D geological facies model of the Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian-Early Turonian) in Tuba oilfield, southern Iraq. Microfacies study and core samples examination reveals the occurrence of six facies associations within Mishrif succession represented by; Basin, deep marine, rudist biostrome, shoal, back- shoal, and lagoon. Each reservoir unit is characterized by distinct facies distribution that controls their quality. High reservoir quality is predominantly developed in rudistid facies that are productive from units MB1 and MB2. The 3D facies model shows that these units have greater continuity and thickness along Tuba anticline and control the structural and stratigraphic trapping. Units MA and Mishrif have lower reservoir quality due to the dominance of mud-dominated facies. The unit CR2 consists of non-reservoir facies, and can be captured along the oilfield structure. http://ijaers.com/detail/facies-modelling-of-mishrif-formation-in-selected-wells-of-tuba-oil-field-southern-iraq/ T.A. Mahdi, Mustafa J. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-JAN-2018-2-Facies Modelling of Mishrif.pdf Breastfeeding brings great benefits to the child and the mother, however it is known that the practice requires encouragement and proper guidance. Even knowing the nutritional and immunological benefits of breastmilk, many mothers interrupt lactation and add artificial formulas in infant feeding, most often due to myths or difficulties in breastfeeding management. The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence early weaning in Ibiá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was an exploratory, transversal and quantitative research, conducted through questionnaires administered to mothers of children of 0-6 months. As for the most common problems related to breastfeeding experienced by respondents, the main reported was the presence of "milk weak "or“little milk” with 53.84%. When asked if their children were using pacifiers, 69.73% of respondents reported so. The family and professional support is of utmost importance to the practice of breastfeeding. Nursing should advise on lactation management as well as on the numerous benefits of breast feeding. The nursing team has na important role in this regard, promoting breastfeeding, with preventive actions that contribute to this important stage of the childrens life, thus, breast feeding can belived fully and satisfactorily. http://ijaers.com/detail/knowing-about-the-nutritional-and-immunological-benefits-of-breast-milk-does-not-reduce-early-weaning/ Nayara Nunes Pereira Silva, Juliana Luzia França Mesquita, Aline do Carmo França Botelho http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-JAN-2018-3-Knowing about the.pdf Low flexibility and brittleness of ordinary concrete limits its use as construction material for buildings prone to earthquake ground vibrations. Rubberized concrete which possesses the needed ductility on the other hand is however of low strength and durability. This study utilized waste polypropylene sacks used for packaging cement. The sacks were used in form of confinements to enhance the strength/ductility of rubberized concrete. Concrete cylinders, cubes and beams at different replacements levels of coarse aggregate with waste tire rubber chips(WTRC) (at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% by volumes) were cast and tested for fresh and hardened properties such as slump, compressive strength, flexural strength, and deformation behaviour. The result showed proportional reduction in strengths with increasing replacement of WTRC. Ductile and elasto-plastic deformations were exhibited by WTRC concretes. The use of waste cement sacks confinement as a means of overcoming the reduced strength of the rubberized concrete proved highly feasible and economic for the cylindrical specimens. Optimum performance in failure load (for confined specimens) was obtained at 80% WTRC replacement. The confined 80% WTRC failure load was 45.5 KN, approximately 300% increase in failure load of the unconfined 80% WTRC concrete. This indicates that the use of waste cement sacks to confine rubberized concrete effectively negates the decrease in strength, and retains the advantages of increased ductility and energy-dissipation that characterizes rubberized concrete. http://ijaers.com/detail/enhancing-strength-properties-of-rubberized-concrete-using-waste-cement-sacks/ Emmanuel Owoichoechi Momoh, Kassar Terungwa, Godwin Joel http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-JAN-2018-4-Enhancing Strength Properties.pdf The Carbonate - Clastic succession in this study is represented by the Nahr Uamr and Mauddud Formations deposited during the Albian Sequence. This study includes facies analysis and stratigraphic development for this succession in 5 boreholes within Nasiriyah oil field. There are several types of microfacies were recognized in the succession of the Mauddud Formation. Their characteristic grain types and depositional texture enabled the recognition of six facies associations (depositional environments) were distinguished in the Mauddud Formation, they are: shallow open marine, restricted, reef, slope, deep open marine and basinal. Two types of rocks are observed within the Nahr Umr Formation; the first is the upper part which characterized by shale dominated rocks and the second (lower part) is characterized by sand dominated rocks. Four facies associations (depositional environments) were distinguished in the Nahr Umr Formation, they are: delta plain, prodelta, bay fill, and distributary channels. The microfacies analysis and reconstructed the paleoenvironments of the Albain basin in the studied area; there are three stages of the deposition: - during the first stage the sea level was rise which led to progress prodelta facies (retrogradation) and onlapping the unconformity. This part is represented by TST stage in all studied boreholes. The prodelta facies was changed to distributary channel facies up-wared to mark the mfs between these two facies. This refers to deposition during the high stand period as two cycles. The sea level was reactivated to progress after the last step of Nahr Umr deposition, to start the Mauddud Formation deposition. At second stage the facies change was shown three steps of the sea level rise (TST) to deposition the restricted, reef-back reef and shallow open marine/slope. Overlying the slope facies to the shallow marine and then deposited the shallow marine refer to maximum flooding surfaces after deposition the last ones. Therefore, the shallowing up-ward succession which deposition later was represented the high stand stage (HST). The final stage is represented by reactivated the sea level rise to deposition the basinal facies within the Mauddud Formation. The continued rise in sea level during the period of transgression (TST) is a preparation for the Ahmadi basin, which is characterized by deposition in a deep environment and conformable lower contact with the Mauddud Formation. http://ijaers.com/detail/facies-analysis-and-stratigraphic-development-of-the-albian-succession-in-nasiriyah-oil-field-southern-iraq/ Aiad Ali Al-Zaidy, Marwah Hatem Khudhair http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-DEC-2017-16-Facies analysis and stratigraphic.pdf In this paper the most common harmonic substitutions, at least as far as jazz music is concerned, are unconventionally addressed. The novelty consists in introducing a new method finalized to formally defining and logically applyingall the fundamental harmonic substitutions, by exploiting anunusually rigorous notation. After defining the substitutions and discussing their applicability, we resort to them in order to modify some simple harmonic progressions substantially based upon a banal major turnaround. As explicitly suggested by the title, the modifications are carried out by following an extremely formal line of reasoning: all the logic passages are accurately described by resorting to a notation so similar to the one commonly employed in mathematics and physics, that the harmonic analysis of a song turns out to be de facto comparable to the demonstration of a theorem. http://ijaers.com/detail/towards-a-music-algebra-fundamental-harmonic-substitutions-in-jazz/ Carmine Cataldo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-JAN-2018-8-Towards a Music Algebra.pdf The state of Jammu and Kashmir has diverse agro-climatic zones. The present paper on solar resource assessment in the state of Jammu and Kashmir is based on ten years of average data taken from NREL and SRRA stations. The state is blessed with huge solar potential, both for thermal generation as well as photovoltaic. The same energy can be used for electricity and process heat generation to mitigate growing energy crisis particularly in winter. The data as obtained from NREL and C-WET through SRRA stations revealed that the state is receiving more than 5 kWh/m2/day of average DNI and GHI every month which in itself can be harnessed for solar thermal energy and photovoltaic power. The average DNI and GHI received from last ten years varied from (1 kWh/day/m2) to (8kWh/day/m2) per day. http://ijaers.com/detail/solar-resource-assessment-in-jammu-and-kashmir-state/ Nasir Ul Rasheed Rather, Anju Singh, Asghar Samoon http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-JAN-2018-13-Solar Resource Assessment.pdf Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency that implemented decentralized digital currency method. The transaction is monitored and validated by peer-to peer system using hash programming. These transactions are verified by network nodes through the use of cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The objective of this study is to forecast the Bitcoin exchange rate using weighted moving average method. Data selected in this study are selected hourly from 14th December 2017 until 18th December 2017. The forecasting method is using weighted moving average. Then, the validity of the forecasting model is validated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) calculation. Results indicated mean absolute percentage error is 0.72%. Therefore, the moving average method is considered as reliable forecasting method for Bitcoin exchange rate. The finding of this study will help investors to make best decision regarding suitable portfolio for their investment. http://ijaers.com/detail/weighted-moving-average-of-forecasting-method-for-predicting-bitcoin-share-price-using-high-frequency-data-a-statistical-method-in-financial-cryptocurrency-technology/ Nashirah Abu Bakar, Sofian Rosbi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-JAN-2018-10-Weighted Moving Average.pdf The Magneto hydrodynamics equations, MHD, are discussed for weakly conductive fluids of electricity, and then an analytical solution is presented. An MHD vortex is generated using seawater in a cylindrical vessel, where external electromagnetic fields are conveniently applied. Some physical quantities of interest are discussed and measured by well-known techniques. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-creation-of-a-vortex-in-sea-water-through-the-mhd/ Osvaldo Missiato, Celso Luis Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães Levada http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-JAN-2018-9-The Creation of a Vortex in Sea.pdf Analysis of flood modeling scenarios conducted on the simulation of urban drainage systems in Ambon city based on mathematical equations finite difference method which allows analyzing the water depth and flowing rate as a function of space and time. In order to study the propagation of flooding in the drainage channel with the 1D model of Saint Venant hydrodynamic equations are approximated by explicit MacCormack numerical method which is used as a simulation model. Numerical solution with MacCormack discretization technique on the parameters that influence the system can provide stable and final results that can be trusted. The purpose of this model is that it can reduce the volume of puddles on the local channel of drainage system area. http://ijaers.com/detail/simulation-model-of-the-flow-in-the-drainage-system-of-ambon-city-withexplicit-finite-difference-method/ Lenora Leuhery, Godfried Lewakabessy, Obednego D Nara http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-JAN-2018-14-Simulation model of the flow.pdf Past studies have established a link between industrialization and heavy metal contamination of rainwater. However, no such study has been done in Kampala, or elsewhere in Uganda. In view of industrialization and the proliferation of iron roofs, this study aimed at addressing the suitability of rainwater harvesting and its quality as an alternative source of drinking water supply. The specific objectives were; to identify the predominant roof-covering materials in use in Kampala; to determine the level of heavy metal contamination obtained from each of these roof materials; and to compare the quality of water obtained, with various accepted standards for drinking water. The roof coverings considered were clay tiles, plain Galvanized Corrugated Iron (GCI) sheets and painted GCI sheets. In each of these types, they were further classified as relatively new, medium age and the relatively older. Samples were collected from each of the five divisions, including a control sample that was intercepted directly from open space. In the laboratory, heavy metal tests were performed on these samples, using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The metals tested were Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Nickel. http://ijaers.com/detail/water-quality-considerations-in-rainwater-harvesting-case-study-of-heavy-metal-contamination-in-kampala-city/ Ono Felix Tebangula, Mulindi Solomon Adekhela http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-JAN-2018-5-Water Quality Considerations.pdf Biogas is a sustainable alternative source of energy to fossil fuels. Its production also serves as sink for biological wastes and it is a pollution control measure. Most of biogas generation units in Kenya utilize animal wastes as the substrate. However, the bio fuel potential of bagasse, the abundant crop residues like co-products in sugarcane-based industries remain underutilized. The idea of converting bagasse into additional energy is gaining attention, especially through government commitments on increasing the renewable energy generation combined with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. In this study bagasse samples collected from Chemelil sugar mills were passed through multiple sieves of different sizes to obtain different particle sizes. Mills waste water was also collected from Chemelil sugar factory and analyzed for pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) to establish their biogas production potential, the analyzed mills waste water was then mixed with different particle sizes of bagasse and allowed to be digested anaerobically. Volume of the gas collected from each flask containing different particle sizes of bagasse was measured to identify the optimum conditions for biogas production. The study showed that the mills waste water that had the highest TDS (130g/L) yielded relatively higher volumes of biogas when mixed with bagasse of different particle sizes. Bagasse of particle size ≤0.600mm produced the highest volume when mixed with the mills waste water with TDS and pH of130g/l and 4.67 respectively. Designing and installing a digester system that allows for the control of TDS and pH in mills wastewater and utilizes bagasse of particle size ≤0.600mm would be expected to produce reasonable amount of biofuel and put a check on environmental pollution problems associated with bagasse and sugar mill waste waters in sugar factories. http://ijaers.com/detail/evaluation-of-the-potential-use-of-bagasse-and-sugar-millswaste-water-as-substrate-for-biogas-production/ Mulindi S.A., Odhiambo B. O. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-JAN-2018-6-Evaluation of the Potential.pdf In this paper we take a step forward towards the attainment of a formalism that allows to establish a deeper connection between Music and Algebra. Starting from the writing of the Ionian Scale as a Vector, we define the Ionian Modal Tensor. We prove that all the Scales that derive from the Ionian Mode, as well as all the corresponding Seventh Chords, herein considered as being Scalars, can be obtained from the above-mentioned Tensor by resorting to the concepts of Standard Basis and Dot Product.Moreover, by opportunely summing the Vectors of the Standard Basisto each other, we define some interesting Fundamental Vectors such as the "Monk – Powell" Vector and the "Guide Notes" one. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-simplified-introduction-to-music-algebra-from-the-scale-vectors-to-the-modal-tensor/ Carmine Cataldo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-JAN-2018-16-A Simplified Introduction.pdf This paper addresses Modeling and analysis of easily applicable multi-plate clutches to use in twin clutch transmission (TCT) system for green and Light Weight Vehicle. The static and dynamic analysis were developed for a clutch plate by using finite element analysis (FEA). The 3D solid model was done using SOLID WORK 2016 and imported to ANSYS work bench 16 for model analysis. The mathematical modelling was also done using different vastly available materials (i.e. Aluminum alloy 6061, E-Glass Epoxy, and Gray Cast iron); then, by observing the results, comparison was carryout for materials to validate better lining material for multi plate clutches using ANSYS workbench 16 and finally concluded that composite material E-Glass Epoxy has a better friction material for design of multi-plate clutches in TCT system. http://ijaers.com/detail/modeling-and-fea-of-multi-plate-clutches-by-varying-materials-for-optimum-torque-transfer-capacity-of-tct-system-of-green-and-light-vehicles/ Seyoum Kebede, Hailemariam Nigus Hailu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-OCT-2017-3-Modeling, and FEA of Multi-Plate.pdf The constant expansion of civil construction and the increasing use of plaster gives rise to a solid waste generation problem causing difficulties for the disposal or reuse of this material. The generation of plaster waste represents an economic problem, with serious consequences and impacts. In order to contribute to sustainability, this study sought to evaluate the reduction of plaster waste in an apartment construction project, employing the layout method. With the adequate arrangement of plates, a reduction of 4.41% in the use of plaster could be obtained, This reduction will consequently result in the minimization of waste from civil works, bringing invaluable economic and environmental benefits. http://ijaers.com/detail/plaster-layout-process-in-civil-works-with-a-focus-on-clean-production/ Claiton Mesacasa, Felipe Crestani, Lidiane Canofre, Marina Junges, Josiane Maria Muneron de Mello, Francieli Dalconton, Sideney Becker Onofre http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-DEC-2017-13-Plaster Layout Process in Civil.pdf In this paper to investigate long rang phenomena ( Hurst effect) of river flows which characterizes hydrological time series is studied, especially in connection with various climate-related factors, is important to improve stochastic models for long-range phenomena and in order to understand the deterministic and stochastic variability in long-range dependence of stream flow. Long rang dependence represented by the Hurst coefficient H is estimated for 5 mean monthly discharge time series of Chhattisgarh state for a period of 32 years from 1980-2012.long memory analyzed for both monthly and seasonally stream flow time series of the Seonath River Basin at Chhattisgarh State by using Hurst exponent and testing specifically the null hypothesis of short-term memory in the monthly and seasonal time series by (Von Neumann ratio test, Kendall's rank correlation test, Median crossing test, Run above and below the median for general randomness, Turning point test, Rank difference test). http://ijaers.com/detail/analysis-of-short-term-and-long-term-dependence-of-stream-flow-phenomenon-in-seonath-river-basin-chhattisgarh/ Shashikant Verma, Bhupendra Kumar Dhiwar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19 IJAERS-FEB-2018-1-Analysis of Short Term and Long Term.pdf To understand the mechanism of potential hydrologic impacts of climate and land use land cover changes. In this study identified to the significant temporal trend was carried out monthly, seasonal timescales. Using the rainfall data of 39 Meteorological stations under entire seonath basin which is subdivided into five weighted stations with the help of by creating Thiessen polygon over Seonath River, Chhattisgarh state of 32 years for a period of 1980-2012. Hydro metrological variables are analysed by using a combined Mann-Kendall/Thiel-Sen slope estimator trend detection approach. The results reveal a significant decreasing trend for the month of January, February, March, and may, September, October and December for all the five gauging stations similarly the month of April, June, July, August and November show the significant increasing trend. For all the five gauging stations excluded month of January in simga gauging station shows having no trend. Whereas the trend in different seasons are follows (1) season of winter and pre-monsoon shows significant decreasing trend for all the five gauging stations and post-monsoon season andhyakore, pathridih and simga gauging stations also represents the decreasing trend and (2) the season of monsoon shows increasing trend for all the five gauging stations and seasons of winter and pre-monsoon of ghatora and simga stations also shows the increasing trend. http://ijaers.com/detail/statistical-analysis-of-rainfall-event-in-seonath-river-basin-chhattisgarh/ Shashikant Verma, Bhupendra Kumar Dhiwar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20 IJAERS-FEB-2018-2-Statistical Analysis of Rainfall.pdf The archeological potential of the central Medium Atlas is characterized by its richness and its diversity. The lithic furniture discovered in the site of Ifri Ouberrid is very significant and its exploration requires a powerful statistical tool allowing to simultaneously process all the quantities of objects collected in the various abductions. The Principal Component Analysis – A.C.P. is the most favorable and necessary method to fully understand and refine the work of archeologists. http://ijaers.com/detail/statistical-analysis-of-the-lithic-furniture-of-the-ifri-ouberrid-site-in-ain-elleuh-in-the-moroccan-central-middle-atlas/ Rabia Hajila http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21 IJAERS-JAN-2018-17-Statistical analysis of the lithic.pdf