http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us March 2018 This study aims to determine whether there is an increase in student learning outcomes by using pair of learning models on the subject of fractions with the material change the fraction of the form of percent and vice versa in class V SD Negeri No.173299 Paniaran in academic Year 2017/2018. This study was conducted using Classroom Action Research. And the subject of this research is all the students of class V SD Negeri No. 173299 Paniaran totaling 36 people while the object in this study is the result of student learning. Before the test is used as a data collecting tool in this study, first test done to students of grade V SD Negeri No. 173299 Paniaran. The test results show that the test is valid because the coefficient is high and sufficient and has a high reliability of 0.794. Similarly, the differentiating power of each test item is very good, good, and sufficient and the degree of difficulty that is so that every test item is considered good to be tested. From the preliminary test results obtained that the results of student learning is lower because there are 27 students from 36 students have not achieved mastery learning with an average of 27.97 and 25% complete classical learning. After giving the action on the first cycle student's learning completeness level is 61% classical or there are 22 students who complete the study individually with an average value of 65.08. After the implementation on the second cycle students' learning completeness level to 88.89% or there are 32 students who complete the study individually with an average score of 70.83. Then it can be concluded that by using pair checks learning model can improve student learning outcomes. http://ijaers.com/detail/increasing-students-learning-effort-results-by-using-learning-pair-checks-model-of-five-grade-of-sd-negeri-173299-paniaran-in-academic-year-2017-2018/ Robert Harianja http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-MAR-2018-5-Increasing Students Learning Effort.pdf Concrete is a material used on a large scale in civil construction. In concrete plants, it is manufactured by concrete mixer trucks and this process consumes a large quantity of drinking water. In addition to the production of concrete, the water used to wash the concrete mixer trucks should also be considered, since this also generates a considerable amount of residual water that cannot be disposed of without prior treatment. As such, the objective of this study is to reuse the waste water generated by the washing of the mixer trucks in the production of concrete, thus avoiding the consumption of drinking water, considering that the reuse of this waste water doesn't require chemical treatment. Three compositions were developed: A reference composition produced with drinking water; a composition with 50% drinking water and 50% residual water; and a composition with 100% of residual water. To analyze the concrete, its properties were checked in the fresh and the hardened state, assessing the workability through the slump test and its compressive strength at 14 days and 28 days. In total, 9 test specimens were molded in accordance with age, which meant 3 specimens per composition. The results showed that the concrete produced with the residual water presented the same compression strength as the concrete that used drinking water. It is estimated that a replacement of up to 50% should be used, since the composition containing 50% of residual water showed the greatest gains in strength in relation to the other compositions. http://ijaers.com/detail/reuse-of-the-concrete-mixer-truck-wash-water-in-the-production-of-concrete-a-clean-production-proposal/ Julia Botton, Lindomar Lucas Stankievicz, Rafael Gheller, Josiane Maria Muneron de Mello, Francieli Dalconton, Sideney Becker Onofre http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-DEC-2017-12-Reuse of the Concrete Mixer Truck.pdf Foundations may experience serious misery during an earthquake. Earthquake consequences for shallow and profound foundations are represented by planning them fundamentally to give important quality and ensure serviceability. Quality contemplations basically includes ensuring that the foundation loads stay well underneath that directed by the suitable bearing limit under seismic conditions and serviceability is ensured by outlining the substructure for the evaluated perpetual ground distortion. This paper talked about different aspects of earthquake ground motion influence on structures and furthermore how certain building qualities alter the manners by which the building reacts to the ground motion. The association of these attributes decide the general seismic response of the building: regardless of whether it is undamaged; endures minor harm; ends up unusable for quite a long time, weeks, or months; or crumples with extraordinary death toll. Clarifications of a few qualities of ground motion are trailed by portrayals of a few material, auxiliary, and building characteristics that, by communicating with ground motion, decide the building's seismic execution the degree and nature of its harm. The fundamental motivation behind the examination is to break down the seismic bearing limit of foundations and seismic weight and talk about the different issues and issue related into it. Fan Footing Soil Foundation (FPSF) technique was presented for reinforcing. http://ijaers.com/detail/fan-footing-soil-foundation-to-safeguard-high-and-low-rise-buildings-from-seismic-waves/ B. Bikas Maiti, Dr. Ajayswarup http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-FEB-2018-30-Fan Footing Soil Foundation to.pdf Ajax and Vlasset gherkin (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties used in brine pickling were analyzed for its sensory attributes and physicochemical changes within 6 month of brine fermentation. Sensory characteristics (colour, texture, odour and overall acceptability) of brine fermented fruits were determined using five point hedonic scale. Uronic acid content (UA) and moisture variation were determined within 6 months. Ca and Na ion absorption was done for the fruits within fermentation and after de-brining. The results revealed that sensory perception of texture attribute among cultivars have apparent impact after brining. In view of all sensory parameters of varieties, 1st and 6th month Vlasset were obtained the highest sensory quality while the least preferred were obtained within 1st, 3rd and 6th month of Ajax. A positive correlation (0.829) between Calcium and Sodium ion absorption were noted irrespective to the variety. The data obtained from the de-bring process showed lower retention of both Calcium and Sodium ion in Ajax than Vlasset which may lead to lower sensory quality. Calcium ion level of Ajax and Vlasset varieties have declined from 54% and 16.47% respectively while Sodium level of Ajax and Vlasset have declined from 84.13% and 55.547% respectively compared to before de-brining process. Irrespective to the variety UA was continuously decreased up to 3 months while it increased in both varieties up to 6month. Vlasset was noted to have higher UA content than Ajax before and after the fermentation period. Moreover a positive correlation was observed (0.858) between moisture and UA content. http://ijaers.com/detail/sensory-quality-and-physicochemical-evaluation-of-two-brine-pickled-cucumber-cucumis-sativus-l-varieties/ T. G. G. Uthpala, R. A. U. J. Marapana, S. A. S. Jayawardana http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-FEB-2018-28-Sensory quality and physicochemical.pdf Mangroves habitats are highly adoptable halophytes found in intertidal regions of tropical estuaries, are threatened by variety of anthropogenic activities including mining. Many mining sites and loading points are located along the course of Mandovi estuary, West Coast Of India, Goa which sustains mangrove habitats. Mangroves are of a great significance in arresting mining rejects and recycling its constituents and have proved to be a good indicator for detecting and quantifying short-term changes in the coastal zones. Time lapse satellite data suggested changes in land use patterns. The present study showed that mangrove cover along the stretch of Mandovi increased by 116.68% during 1997-2011, a decline of 12.52% from 2001-2006. The increased in mangrove cover could be attributed to government's rehabilitation initiatives and invasion by mangroves on agricultural farms; besides a new mangrove formations in the areas on deposited mudflats between the existing mangrove and open mudflats. Isle within the mid-stream of river was noticed with more proliferation with mangroves due to sediment deposition due to mining rejects and also from spilling of ores during transported. Mangroves have inherent characteristics to withstand pollutions to certain extent due to its robust nature. All these lead to tremendous improvement of mangroves. Mining may not affect mangrove distribution (area, content and canopy cover) to greater extent but its associated biological, hydrological and sediment logical features could get adversely affected. Current findings will serve in understanding the land cover changes of mangrove habitants and in devising effective strategies for their conservation and rehabilitation. http://ijaers.com/detail/evaluation-of-land-cover-changes-of-mangroves-along-mandovi-west-coast-of-india-using-rs-and-gis/ S. M. Parvez Al-Usmani http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-MAR-2018-1-Evaluation of Land Cover changes.pdf Irrigation and fertilization are absolutely necessary in order to increase productivity in agricultural production. Water is the most important source of life on the earth. All living things need absolute water so that they can continue plants life. The fact that the nutrients present in the soil can complete the natural cycle is completely dependent on the water cycle. Irrigation is the amount and time required for the root zone of the plant in soil, which is needed by the plant and cannot enough by precipitation in agriculture. This study was carried out in the farmer’s greenhouse conditions between 2004-2005 years. Three different doses of nitrogen (N1:75 ppm N, N2:150 ppm N, N3:225 ppm N) were applied to the tomato plant grown in the greenhouse. S1:100% full irrigation, S2:50% irrigation according to pot capacity. The study was based on a trial randomized block design with 3 replications. At the end of 2 years, the results gave us; the best plant growth was measured with N3S1 an average height by128 cm. The worst plant height was obtained from N1S2 an average height by 88 cm. Plant body diameter has been found between 0,82cm and 0,54cm. Irrigation practices were more effective to total chlorophyll content than the fertilization practices. As a result, the deficit irrigation has also developed as well as full irrigation. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer increased crop yield in arid regions.It is suggested that irrigation water can be reduced and adequate fertilization can be increased crop production in arid regions. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-effects-of-nitrogen-fertilization-and-deficit-irrigation-practices-on-tomato-growth-and-chlorophyll-concentration/ Meryem Kuzucu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-FEB-2018-21-The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization.pdf Granitic aggregates are mostly used for civil construction and other engineering works in Ghana. In this project, the characteristics of the Cape Coast (G1) and Dixcove (G2) granitoids for sustainable road construction were assessed. Physical and mechanical properties of the rocks were evaluated. Hand specimen description revealed that, amphibole is the major mafic mineral in the G2 and biotite as the dominant mafic mineral in the G1 granitoids. Petrographic study of the grains showed that, the large grains interlocked with fine grains (well-graded) with irregular grain boundaries in the matrix of the G2 gives the rocks a higher strength to withstand compressive loads than the G1 granitoids which have micro fractures in them that acts as weak planes in the rock. Geotechnical tests performed on the rocks gave an average Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) of 11.6 % for Dixcove and 20.1 % for the Cape Coast, Aggregates Impact Value (AIV) of 6.1 % for Dixcove and 11.02 % for Cape Coast, Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV) of 16.60 % for Dixcove and 26.0 % for Cape Coast, Specific Gravity of 2.74 for Dixcove and 2.66 for Cape Coast and Water Absorption of 0.18% for Dixcove and 0.51 % for Cape Coast granites. These values indicate that, both rock aggregates have relatively high strengths. However, G2 granitoids have relatively high resistance to compressive stresses under crushing, impacts and abrasion of traffic loads hence more suitable for sustainable road construction according to the global standards. http://ijaers.com/detail/geotechnical-and-petrographic-characterisation-of-the-birimian-granitoids-in-southern-ghana-as-an-aggregates-for-sustainable-road-construction/ Isaac Ahenkorah, Evans Mensah Awuah, Anthony Ewusi, Michael Affam http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-MAR-2018-2-Geotechnical and Petrographic.pdf Modeling the wastewater treatment plant is difficult due to nonlinear properties of most of its different processes. Due to the increasing concerns over environmental effects of treatment plants considering the poor operation, fluctuations in process variables and problems of linear analyses, algorithms developed using artificial intelligence methods such as artificial neural networks have attracted a great deal of attention. In this research, first using regression analysis, the parameters of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and pH of the input wastewater were chosen as input parameter among other different parameters. Next, using error analysis, the best topology of neural networks was chosen for prediction. The results revealed that multilayer perception network with the sigmoid tangent training function, with one hidden layer in the input and output as well as 10 training nodes with regression coefficient of 0.92 is the best choice. The regression coefficients obtained from the predictions indicate that neural networked are well able to predict the performance of the wastewater treatment plant in Yazd. http://ijaers.com/detail/forecasting-oxygen-demand-in-treatment-plant-using-artificial-neural-networks/ Moein Gheytaspour,Omid Habibzadeh Bigdarvish http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-MAR-2018-3-Forecasting Oxygen Demand.pdf This work takes as its theme public policies on development. It aims an overall analysis of the most urgent issues of political and economic plans launched in Brazil in the second half of the twentieth century. Specifically, the intention is to discuss the establishment of government policies in combating bottlenecks in the national economy through the Plans. This is an article based on concepts of development and the major general lines of the development plans in this country. Kon’s works (1999) are the fundamental theoretical basis. We notice that Brazil experienced two very different decades, the 1970s and 1980s: the first focused investment for economic growth; the second, turned to fighting inflation. Because of discourses and appointed limits, developmentalism occurred, but no development in the strict sense. Between public debt and inflation addiction, which were parallel in the two mentioned decades, (still) rests the same issue in the country: What is development? What is the country’s development? http://ijaers.com/detail/two-decades-of-developmentalism-bottlenecks-and-plans-of-state-intervention-in-brazil-in-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth-century/ Sergio Francisco Loss Franzin, Fabrício Moraes de Almeida, Laura Borges Nogueira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-FEB-2018-31-Two Decades of Developmentalism.pdf This work has the main motivation to propose an approach based on Systems Engineering to expand the scope of Organizational Strategic Planning. The proposed method was idealized considering the approaches of Chiavenato & Sapiro (2003) and Loureiro (1999). It is considered that the proposed method was more adequate than the traditional models previously applied. http://ijaers.com/detail/strategic-planning-a-model-based-on-systems-engineering/ Herlandi de Souza Andrade, Geilson Loureiro http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-NOV-2017-16-Strategic Planning.pdf Design optimization casting emergency stop valve steam turbine, has been done with casting simulation using Magmasoft v5 software. By simulation, some casting design parameters are changed to get more optimal results. Optimization of the design of castings in this study, obtained by improving the design through changes in pouring system using bottom pouring and optimization of riser design. The result of four design casting simulation ESV housing versus filling velocity, solidification, and porosity have the same trend of location defect that is in the flange and middle body valve connection area. However quality of the simulation results, in design # 4 has a better quality of casting results based on the color gradation seen in the range of 80-90%. Although, there is still a potential defect in critical areas that have low castability. This results can be used as input for the further casting improvement and NDT inspector guidance. http://ijaers.com/detail/casting-design-optimization-for-steam-turbine-emergency-stop-valve-esv-housing-with-computational-casting-simulation-method/ Agus Krisnowo , Khamda Herbandono , Rudias Harmadi , Budi Nofiantoro. F http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-MAR-2018-6-Casting Design Optimization.pdf This work concerns the strategies of social innovation focused on the concept of inbound tourism and hospitality in Rondônia State, Brazil. The general objective is to study the main strategies for qualifying as a tourist attraction. The specific objectives are to: point out the strategic elements to (1) qualify the facilities for inbound tourism and hospitality in the scenario;(2)examine the perspective on the implementation of the strategic elements in practice; and (3)indicate the elements of social innovation in support of the strategy of qualification to the concepts of inbound tourism and hospitality. This study is supported by the Theory of Planned Behaviour and concepts of inbound tourism, hospitality, creativity and innovation. It adopts the method of a case study which is both qualitative and quantitative in nature. As part of the methodological procedure, workshops were held for 28 stakeholders in Rondônia’s tourism, during which questionnaire data were collected from answers using the Likert Scale, participant observation was conducted and documents were analysed to enable the causal relationship to be critically assessed. A SWOT matrix was imposed upon the survey report. The tourist potential in the scenario has consequently been acknowledged, together with a need for the strategic planning of its attributes; valid elements for social innovation which use qualifying strategies for inbound tourism and hospitality are indicated; Possible public-private partnerships with the third sector and society could together create an ideal form of intervention. This study is of interest to both the public and the private sector, to academia and the community. It can contribute suggestions for the planning and management required for tourism to develop as well as outline strategies for social innovation. http://ijaers.com/detail/social-innovation-by-tourism-strategy-in-the-western-amazon/ Sâmia Laise Manthey Benevides, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Maria José Aguilar Madeira, Irene Yoko Taguchi Sakuno, Valeria Arenhardt http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-MAR-2018-12-Social Innovation by Tourism.pdf Gentrification is a process of urban revitalization by which the original inhabitants of an area are displaced, owing to the purchase and upgrading of their deteriorated properties by the middle or high income households. An aspect of gentrification that is of particular interest to Nigerians is the issue of displacement, with its attendant socio-economic alienation of the poor from the city, which has evoked some environmental justice concerns. Focusing on the city of Aba, this study examined gentrification and the environmental justice question in Nigerian cities. The study adopted survey research design, making use of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse gentrification. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 158 displaced household heads of gentrified buildings across the various neighbourhoods in Aba, who were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with appropriate parametric tests using SPSS. Findings show that about 698 households are displaced in the city every year due to gentrification, with an annual displacement rate of 7.5%. This gentrification induced displacements have been found to constitute significant environmental injustice to the low income city residents as it leads to their dislocation from kin, and communal heritages; forces them to move into substandard housing at the urban fringes; and constrains some to relocate to the rural areas, limiting their abilities to cope with life’s challenges. The study therefore recommends among other things, that the Town Planning Authorities should create a platform to educate owners of rundown properties to adopt the model of market-led gentrification as presently practiced in Lagos city. http://ijaers.com/detail/gentrification-and-environmental-justice-in-nigerian-cities/ Ogbonna Chukwuemeka Godswill, Aguguo Godlives Ukachukwu http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-FEB-2018-13-Gentrification and Environmental.pdf The Housing Deficit in the State of Rondônia is increasing, not only due to the absence of effective public policies dedicated to the treatment of housing, but also due to the lack of study and application of new technologies in the area of civil construction, which can generate great savings and remarkable rapidity in the construction of housing units. This deficit is characterized by the lack of housing and the existence of those considered inadequate to human occupation with quality and safety, due to its operationality, physical characteristics and location. However, there is a need for greater economy and productivity in the construction of housing, in order to be able to supply part of this demand, without letting the quality levels drop. In the light of Sustainable Development, it will be proposed and directed the correction of this paradigm that tends to hold more weight in the "social" dimension. The application of the Structural Masonry System with the use of the Cement Brick, popularly known as "ecological brick", is the main basis of this study, where it is intended to demonstrate that its option for housing construction can be an excellent response to the housing deficit and environmental pollution, generated by the rubbish of Civil Construction in the State of Rondônia. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-soil-cement-brick-on-construction-with-structural-masonry-an-alternative-in-the-fight-against-housing-deficit-and-environmental-pollution-in-the-state-of-rond-nia/ Carlos Augusto Malty, Izan Fabrício Neves Calderaro, Fabrício Moraes de Almeida http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-MAR-2018-10-The Soil-Cement Brick on Construction.pdf This study deals with the management of the specific residues of tires, electro-electronics and batteries in a city in the Brazilian Amazon. The goal is to propose sustainable actions for the residues under study and, using SWOT analysis, to build a prognosis capable of contributing to environmental, economic and social sustainability. The specific objectives are: (1) Characterization of the hazardousness of the waste under study and the responsibility for its management; (2)identification of actions and goals in the management of specific solid waste; (3) use of the SWOT matrix to identify the positives and negatives inthe waste management under study; (4) propose actions and goals to combat the problems encountered. The choice of sample was purposely directed to the public managers directly involved in implementing the plan with a focus on the residues under study. It is an exploratory descriptive study, mixed I character and with qualitative results. The result points to problems that demand immediate and urgent solution suggestions are made for actions and aims with immediate effect. These actions would enable entrepreneurs to optimize sustainable social and economic development in the Amazon. This study may benefit business owners, governments and other institutions interested in specific waste-related issues. http://ijaers.com/detail/integrated-waste-management-technology-with-focus-on-the-brazilian-amazon/ Valéria Arenhardt, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Valdir Schalch, Eduardo Egídio Vicensi Deliza, Rodrigo Buss Back http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-MAR-2018-13-Integrated Waste Management.pdf Footwear sanitization is critically considered in food industries as control of the cross contamination of pathogens for the safety and quality of the production. Since poor maintenance of footbaths type of footwear sanitization systems can further enhance cross contaminations, importance of low moisture systems in footwear sanitization is acclaimed. This study examines the efficacy of the decontamination of E. coli, with IPA/ethanol, QAC/ethanol, IPA/QAC/ethanol, IPA/QAC/water chemical treatments for boots and slippers. Cleaned footwears were treated with E. coli sample and sanitizer was treated by spraying. Swab tests were done before and after applying treatments. Using dilution series, CFU was counted after incubating the selected diluent on the petri plates. Log value of the reduction of E. coli was graphically represented, and further statistical analysis was done by Tukey’s test with a post hoc test. Results revealed that IPA/QAC/water treatment was the best as it significantly contribute (Tukey’s test, P ≤ 0.05) in log reduction/CFUs of microorganism. Overall study depicts IPA/QAC/water combination is efficient and effective as sanitizer combination for a low moisture footwear sanitization system. http://ijaers.com/detail/analysis-of-the-effectiveness-of-sanitizers-for-a-low-moisture-footwear-sanitization-unit/ Abeywickrema S., Navaratne S.B. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-MAR-2018-8-Analysis of the effectiveness of sanitizers.pdf Starch was isolated from amaranth grains and subjected to modification treatments. Oxidation of isolated starch was done using sodium hypochlorite and heat-moisture treatment was done at 85°C for 6hr keeping the moisture content 30% during treatment. Native and modified starches of amaranth were used for preparation of edible films and different characteristics of films were evaluated. Both the modification treatments increased tensile strength of amaranth starch films. Heat moisture treatment increased water vapour permeability while oxidation had contrary effects on amaranth starch films. Water solubility of films of amaranth starches was reduced by modification treatments of starches. Heat moisture treatments increased yellowness of starch films. http://ijaers.com/detail/amaranth-starch-isolation-oxidation-heat-moisture-treatment-and-application-in-edible-film-formation/ Ritu Sindhu, Bhupendar Singh Khatkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-MAR-2018-19-Amaranth Starch Isolation.pdf This study was conceived in the cradle of the Brazilian Amazon region, on managerial and cognitive knowledge of the perspectives of sustainable management in coffee cultivation. The objective is to study the green purchasing process and sustainability in coffee management; (1), to map the factors that interfere in the green purchasing processes and sustainability in the researched scenario (2), propose the innovation required with participative management in the face of sustainability with green purchasing (3). With a base on Contingency theories of adaptive nature and emerging demands, Ecodevelopment interprets and performs compatible actions for sustainable local development, the U Theory confronts the problems and transforms them with innovative solutions. The Method of Study adopted is the Case study, of a qualitative nature, such as bibliographic survey procedures, data collection by semi-structured interviews with social actors of the coffee system, data analysis through triangulation and criticism with the theoretical framework and construction of the innovation sustainable development proposal. The result shows the lack of knowledge about green purchasing and the sustainability aspect of the practices used in the Global Coffee Platform. The quality work of the coffee farmers was evidenced in an individual form, but in order to meet the quantitative demands of the market, it is required the structural and leadership development for the construction of APL or agricultural cooperative. The mental design configured at the base of the productive chain needs to break paradigms that interfere in the sustainable posture, to understand the needs of the consumers and to emphasize their participation on the responsibility with the Amazon and the beneficiary society as a whole. We presented suggestions of innovation discussed from the gaps detected by the mapping of factors. http://ijaers.com/detail/green-purchases-and-sustainability-in-amazon-s-coffee-management/ Saiane Barros de Souza, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Cleice de Pontes Bernardo, Rwrsilany Silva, José Moreira da Silva Neto http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-MAR-2018-20-Green Purchases and Sustainability.pdf Lemon fruits were sorted and washed before extraction of juice. Extracted juice of lemon fruits was treated with potassium metabisulphite, sodium benzoate and thermal processing. Treated and untreated samples of juice were stored at room and refrigeration temperature for 90 days and analyzed for chemical properties at 15 days of interval during storage. Total sugars, reducing sugars and browning of juice increased during storage. On the contrary, tannin content of juice decreased during storage. Storage at refrigeration temperature was found better effective in preservation and keeping quality of juice showing lesser changes in chemical properties of juice during storage than at room temperature. Results suggested that lemon juice after chemical and pasteurisation treatments can be stored safely at room and refrigeration temperature for 90 days. http://ijaers.com/detail/preservation-and-storage-of-lemon-citrus-limon-juice/ Ritu Sindhu, Bhupendar Singh Khatkar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19 IJAERS-MAR-2018-21-Preservation and storage of Lemon.pdf Family Salticidae is most species rich group of order Araneae. Jumping spiders are taxonomically diverse, present everywhere in huge abundance and diurnal. As their names simply, jumping spiders are also quick and agile jumpers, and will do so both to escape potential predators and to capture small prey and regulating arthropod population. Spiders have important role in ecosystems but they have been largely ignored in conservational studies. This might be one of the reasons of poor knowledge on jumping spider of this area. The study on jumping spiders made in different habitats from Satlasna Taluka during October 2014 to December 2017. Specimen collections were conducted using visual search, litter sampling, sweep netting and hand picking methods from all the sites. One hundred eighty four specimens belong to 28 species and 17 genera were recorded. For the period of this study certain new genera documented for Gujarat such as Carrhotus sannio; Menemerus brachygnathus; M. fulvus; phintella alboterminus.; Siler semiglaucus and Thiania sp. http://ijaers.com/detail/jumping-spiders-araneae-salticidae-of-satlasana-taluka/ B. M. Parmar, K. B. Patel http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20 IJAERS-MAR-2018-18-Jumping Spiders.pdf In the 21st century, creative and innovative thinking skill is greatly required. According to the P21 platform (Partnership for 21st century learning), someone will survive in the 21stcentury if they have the skills of creative and innovative skills. This study applies Research Based Learning (RBL), in which the level of the students’ creative and innovative skills in class will be seen. The application of Research Based Learning (RBL) is done to the 34 students in the modeling class working on the problem of Locating Dominating Set.The data of his study was analyzed qualitatively to determine the level of creative and innovative thinking skills. Based on the result of the research, the level of the students’ creative and innovative thinking skill is as follows: Out of 34 students, 3 students were chosen to represent critical thinking skill at level 4, 3, and 2. Each students has different character in accomplishing the A, B, and C test. Also, among those 3 students, the test result was analyzed during 3 meetings. The result showed that there was no students got 0 score of the critical thinking test. It means that the students master creative and innovative thinking skills in solving the problem, particularly in solving locating dominating set. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-analysis-of-creative-and-innovative-thinking-skills-of-the-21st-century-students-in-solving-the-problems-of-locating-dominating-set-in-research-based-learning/ Firma Yudha, Dafik, Nanik Yuliati http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21 IJAERS-MAR-2018-16-The Analysis of Creative and Innovative.pdf Cyber –Physical System (CPS) is an integration of physical systems with computation, communication and controlling. CPS has various applications such as power networks, transportation networks, healthcare applications, infrastructures and industrial process. CPS connects the virtual world with the physical world. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the vital part of CPS because they have the strong sensing capabilities. In CPS healthcare application various sensors are used to collect the data from patients. Many times these sensors generate a large number of false alarms. Due to these false alarms confusion is created and it reduces the efficiency of overall healthcare services. There are still a lot of challenges in healthcare such as intoperability, security and privacy, autonomy and device verifiability. In this paper, we improve the performance of false alarm detection by using CFAR (constant false alarm rate) and the low pass filter. Thus we are using low pass filter here because our actual values will be present in the lower frequency region. The noise has higher frequency thus we tend to remove them by using a low pass filter. http://ijaers.com/detail/improve-performance-of-flase-alarm-detection-by-using-cfar-and-low-pass-filter/ Anita Didel http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/22 IJAERS-MAR-2018-9-Improve Performance of FLASE Alarm.pdf In this study, timber trade scenarios are considered in a wood procurement region of Finland. This multiple objective decision-making situation includes the timber purchase from forest owners and the lumber sales from sawmill to abroad. The situation is further complicated by a number of stem bucking instructions of sawmill during different periods. In practice, this decision problem has been solved by applying single-objective stem bucking instructions in harvesters. Due to the complex nature of the problem, single-objective solution can’t be directly used to support the timber trade in a manner that it is techno-economically relevant to the forest owners and industries. In this study, stand parameters and timber trade attributes were measured in local wood procurement conditions to improving the bucking instructions. Three scenarios of how the simulation system works based on the real stem diameters and optional monetary value of logs are investigated in the timber-trade process. The Finnish timber trade market is subjected to agreements regarding stem bucking regulations. These agreements could be made on the basis of the three criteria suggested in this study accounting for the effects of stand classification on the timber sales of forest owners and the lumber sales of export companies. http://ijaers.com/detail/multiple-criteria-stem-bucking-picea-abies-l-karst-for-maximizing-monetary-value-of-timber-trade/ Teijo Palander, Joonas Mutanen, Kalle Kärhä, Juha-Antti Sorsa, Tapio Räsänen http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/23 IJAERS-MAR-2018-26-Multiple-criteria stem bucking.pdf Tall buildings are indispensable in urban areas due to high cost of land, shortage of open spaces and scarcity of lands. The tall buildings are in general highly vulnerable to lateral forces arising out of cyclones and earthquakes. Designing the structures to withstand these occasional lateral forces is very expensive; hence it is not always desirable. The measures to reduce the lateral forces are by way of reducing the weight of the structure and by reducing the exposed faces to thwart wind. However the architectural requirement and the utility of the building have to be honored at all times by the structural designer. Though the technique of Tuned mass damping (TMD) is very well appreciated, the mathematical implications involved in finding the magnitude of mass, stiffness and damping of the TMD is highly intricate and suitable TMD system for a given building structure, which shall remain an integral part of the structure itself, placed on top of the building yet serves the purpose of reducing the earthquake effects on buildings. The TMD methodology adopted for three irregular R.C. framed models having + (Plus)-shape , C-shape and T-shape in plan. This apart the device shall find its utility for all zones of seismic activity and ground/structural conditions and introduces various structural motion control methodologies with focus on tuned mass damping systems. The control properties and some aspects of TMD parameters are outlined. ETABS software is used for dynamic analysis of various shapes of the framed buildings. http://ijaers.com/detail/analysis-of-irregular-high-raised-rcc-buildings-by-using-tuned-mass-damping-system/ B. Siva Konda Reddy, A. Madhavi Latha, Ch.Srikanth http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/24 IJAERS-MAR-2018-28-Analysis of Irregular High Raised.pdf Follow-up care ensurescontinuity of client care, gives room for provider-client interactions and sustains self-management measures in the client with chronic illness. This study examined nurse-client interactions and follow-up care in integrated management of the chronically ill patient. 240 nurses were selected from secondary and tertiary health institutions in Anambra State of Nigeria using purposive sampling technique. Two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire on nursing interventions in integrated management of chronically ill patients. Standard descriptive statistics was used to summarize the variables. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions while chi-square test was adopted in testing the hypotheses at 0.01 level of significance. The result indicated high level of nurse-client interaction (mean = 3.1368) but average level of follow-up care (mean =2.1556) of clients by nurses. Client’s medical diagnosis was observed to have significant influence on nurse – client interaction; also nurse-client interactions was found to differ significantly across the levels of health care institutions. http://ijaers.com/detail/integrated-management-of-chronically-ill-patients-nurse-client-interactions-and-follow-up-care/ Edith N. Chiejina, Monica C. Makachi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/25 IJAERS-MAR-2018-17-Integrated Management of Chronically.pdf Epistemology has as its function, among others, to define what provides conditions for examining relations between facts and theories. The question is what does conceptual aspect contribute to awareness and improvement to the relation of capital, labor, and society? Apply the Theory U as argumentation in this relation. The general and main objective of this experiment is to deal with the epistemological aspect of sustainability against the capital, labor, and society based on the Theory U; the specific objectives are collecting the sustainability theoretical-conceptual character to explain its epistemological core (1); identify the relation of capital, labor, and society (2); and identify the conceptual innovation required from the contextualized indoctrinated constitution. Apply the Content Analysis Method and procedures such as cleavage, categorization, and criticism. As result, the conceptual aspect contributes to awareness and improvement of the relation of capital, labor, and society considering the discourses treated; in fragile environments in the western Amazon, there is a latent concern related to solid waste, deserving a conceptual highlight in which the origin of sustainability becomes the emergency; the mechanisms created by capital with domination over human labor, make the worker passive in the society marked by capitalist hegemony; lead structural changes is an epistemological question witch happen pragmatically, increasing the fragile aspect of perception and awareness resulting in innovations to sustained development, motivating learning where leaders promote changes in complex systems. This article interests researchers and others people involved in theoretical issues to delineate researches in the axis of applied social sciences. http://ijaers.com/detail/epistemological-character-of-sustainability/ Jacira Lima da Graça, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Antonio Vicente da Graça Filho, Marcelo Augusto Mendes Barbosa, Izabel Cristina da Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/26 IJAERS-MAR-2018-35-Epistemological Character.pdf In this paper the synthesis of functionlized MWCNT Solution of multi-step reactions have been reported during carbonylated nanotubes is obtained with the desired amines. After purification of MWCNT oxidation with nitricacid and the formation of nanotubes carboxylated MWCNTS - CoCl obtained. The reaction product of aromatic amines and aliphatic several factors such as 1,4 phenylene diamine, 4-hydroxy- 1,3 phenylene diamine, 4-methyl -1,3 phenylene diamine,1,3 phenylene diamine, 1,8 diamino-3,6 dioxa octane derivatives.Significant operating and nanotubes MWCNTS-CO-NH-R-NH2 Was changed. Because of this structure, solubility in organic solvents can react with various functional groups and heavy metals ions in water is used. Each product at each stage of spectroscopic methods IR,RAMAN,1HNMR,13 CNMR, SEM,TGA,were identified and analyzed. Then we make the dye, the dye composition of amino nano tubes and then deposited obtained by spectroscopic methods such as IR/TGA analysis was identified. http://ijaers.com/detail/reaction-of-azo-dyes-with-amino-functionalized-multi-walled-carbon-nano-tubes/ Nasim Khoshlahjeh Motamed http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/27 IJAERS-FEB-2018-32-Reaction of Azo Dyes with.pdf In this paper the results obtained on a 110cc two-wheeler S.I. engine using both petrol and CNG as fuel. Tests like Acceleration test, Emission test, Mileage test and Exhaust noise test were conducted at different operating condition. The basic petrol engine is converted into a bi-fuel engine and regulated by means of an electronically controlled Solenoid Actuated Valve system. On a comparative analysis CNG fuelled engine accelerated slower compared to petrol fuelled engine, but the CO and CO2 emissions were lesser indicated that CNG when used as fuel accelerates at a faster rate, the emission of hazardous gases is comparatively far lower than petrol, fuel consumption of CNG is less and it is economical. The noise test shows that the exhaust of CNG is louder as compared to petrol. http://ijaers.com/detail/compressed-natural-gas-operated-two-wheeler/ Kini Rohit, Gharat Amey, Patil Abhishek, Sawant Rupesh, Choudhary Dipak* http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/28 IJAERS-MAR-2018-29-Compressed Natural Gas Operated.pdf Irresponsible use of water resources, hunger, drought, extinction of species, vegetation and soil destruction, pollution, global warming and climate change, the thinning of the ozone layer, the negative effects of greenhouse gases was the beginning of the process of global warming. Almost 90 percent of the irrigated agricultural production in our country is carried out by so-called wild irrigation flood irrigation method. To obtain abundant and high-quality forage from pastures, irrigation of this area is to solve the drainage problems, fertilization, weed the war and the various maintenance jobs are dependent on properly.With surface irrigation practices, fertile agricultural land becomes barren in the Southeastern Anatolian region. These lands are becoming agricultural production cannot be done in the future. Therefore, soil and agricultural production to continue in a healthy manner and informed water management practices must be done to protect the soil. The use of wastewater for this purpose irrigation, directing the arid areas of runoff, evaluating and storing rainwater farmers to promote modern irrigation methods, practices that save water and farmer training with consideration should be given to applications involving studies as to ensure its dissemination. We have to use irrigation water in our region with low rainfall. We must look for ways to benefit from rainwater. In this study, in order to ensure sustainable water management in our country under the influence of climate change on agricultural production, land and water use and it has consciously exploredin agriculture. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-importance-of-water-use-under-climate-change-effects-in-semi-arid-agricultural-areas/ AyÅŸe GüneÅŸ http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/29 IJAERS-MAR-2018-15-The Importance of Water use under.pdf The surface treatments are performed in dental implants in order to increase the chemical and mechanical connection between the implant and bone, favoring the stability of implant-supported prostheses. The aim of this study was to characterize dental implant surfaces treated with 37% phosphoric acid. Implant surfaces were evaluated divided into groups of fifty samples being distributed in: porcelain samples without treatment; metal samples without treatment; porcelain samples with treatment with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds; metal samples treatment with phosphoric acid at 37% for 30 seconds; porcelain samples with treatment with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds; metal samples with treatment with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy. After the phosphoric acid treatment porosity changes were observed and expanding the contact area. The results show benefits of using phosphoric acid, as a surface with increased roughness; this is desired to occur matrix deposition and growth of bone tissue and facilitates the fixation of implant-supported prostheses. http://ijaers.com/detail/phosphoric-acid-increases-the-porosity-and-extends-the-contact-area-of-dental-osseo-integrated-implants/ Fernando Luzia França, Aline do Carmo França Botelho, Fernando Gabriel Souza Araújo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/30 IJAERS-MAR-2018-30-Phosphoric Acid Increases the.pdf In this article we propose to discuss the importance of authentic leadership for the success of a company. We focus our study on CONDOR, a company from São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We explore the history of the company since its foundation and the importance of the founder´s leadership. In addition to this, we show how the leadership of founder’s successors, especially during the transformation process was essential to the company´s success. Our study is based on scholars such Avolio and Gardner, (2005) among others who discuss changes in companies which start as family companies. Besides, we explore the history of Condor company based mainly on the work developed by Baumgarten (2015). Our research leads us to a conclusion that in the transformation process from a family company into a joint-stock company the leader who conducts the changes plays a very important role. http://ijaers.com/detail/condor-a-reflection-on-a-company-s-history-memory-and-leadership/ Mário Neneve, Miguel Nenevé http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/31 IJAERS-MAR-2018-32-Condor a reflection on.pdf In this work we investigate prevailing leadership in a military organization. Our study has a multi-disciplinarily nature as it focuses on Organizational Innovation and the profile of a leader as well as a little investigation on history of the development of a military organization Our main objective is to identify the profile of a strategic prevalent leadership at the Firemen Corporation in Porto Velho, Rondonia – Northern Brazil. We propose to describe the process of nomination for someone to exercise the role of a leader used in the military structure. In this context, we make a survey of the prevalent elements considering the profile of leadership in the face of organizational innovation having in mind the expectation of the people involved in the process of research. At the end we conduct a critical analysis comparing the prevalent elements identified in our study with the expectation of innovation revealed by the military structure investigated. We apply the method of content analysis through convenient procedures. As a result, we present the elements which show prevalence for the definition of the leadership profile of the investigated military structure. We hope our research can contribute to the studies in the field of leadership, as we still have few references in the area of knowledge. http://ijaers.com/detail/prevalent-leadership-profile-a-research-on-management-of-innovation-in-the-military-organization/ Sued Santos Rocha de Souza, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Miguel Nenevé, Jose Moreira da Silva Neto, Thiago Pacife de Lima http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/32 IJAERS-MAR-2018-37-Prevalent Leadership Profile.pdf In this work, thin films of copper oxide (CuO) have been prepared using spraypyrols is technique. The energy gap was determined for samples of the copper oxide (CuO) at different temperatures ranging from (150 to 330) 0C. The absorption and transmission spectra, shows the energy gap for (CuO) in the range from (2.44- 2.19) eV. These values are comparable to the actual values. http://ijaers.com/detail/determination-of-optical-energy-gap-for-copper-oxide-at-different-temperatures/ Wasil Abdalgader Abdalla Alhassan, Ismael. A. Wadi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/33 IJAERS-MAR-2018-25-Determination of Optical Energy.pdf The objective of this study was to carry out the Climatological Water Balance in conjunction with the climatic characterization, using precipitation and air temperature data in the municipality of Porto Nacional, belonging to the Legal Amazon, Tocantins state, by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) for 20 years, from 1997 to 2016. From the results of potential evapotranspiration, real evapotranspiration, water surplus and water deficit, the water, aridity and humidity indices were established based on the number of continuous data from the conventional meteorological station , of WMO Code 83064, of the National Institute of Meteorology, located in the district Setor Aeroporto, municipality of Porto Nacional. The climatic formula obtained for the municipality of Porto Nacional was C2wA'a ', which characterized the climate in wet subhumid, with two well defined seasons, rainy and dry, being the dry season in the winter season where it presents moderate water deficiency and megatérmico, with values high annual evapotranspiration potential, with 28.29% of this evapotranspiration concentrated in the summer season. http://ijaers.com/detail/hydric-balance-and-climatic-classification-of-the-city-of-porto-nacional-state-of-tocantins-inserted-in-the-legal-amazon-brazil/ Angelo Ricardo Balduino, Márcio Galdino dos Santos, Lucas Barbosa e Souza, Diogo Pedreira Lima, Aurean de Paula Carvalho http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/34 IJAERS-MAR-2018-23-Hydric balance and climatic.pdf The current concern about reducing dependence on fossil fuels and issues about environmental conditions have guided the survey for renewable energies around the world. The present work was focused in the study, design, construction and laboratorial tests of a small-size vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) of Lenz-type. The wind turbine was chosen based on criteria of operation in turbulent winds and mainly due to low-cost of fabrication and possibility to use it in farms. The study was carried out in the description of wind resources in a specific area from countryside of Brazil. The Lenz turbine was designed, drawn, built and later tested in a low-speed wind tunnel. Experimental data were gathered to describe the characteristics of the prototype and to guide for further modifications to improve wind power efficiency. http://ijaers.com/detail/study-design-and-test-of-a-lenz-type-wind-turbine/ André Heiji Nishioka, Odenir de Almeida http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/35 IJAERS-MAR-2018-22-Study, Design and Test.pdf