http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us April 2018 This work intends to analyze - in an activity carried out with students from the third period of the Language (Spanish) undergraduate course of a college located in Itaperuna, a town in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - how the digital hyper textual reading can facilitate the selection of information in order to facilitate the writing process of texts in Spanish that can be broadcasted in the virtual environment, verifying how this may happen, so that these productions are shared, also allowing the interaction of the subjects with the language and with their peers. For this objective, we used the qualitative methodology (Erickson, 1986) with action research, seeking foundation in what theorists such as Lévy (1996, 1999), Coscarelli (2006, 2009), Gomes et al. (2015), Bannell et al. (2016), among others, investigate. As results, we emphasize that the subjects of the research actively participated in the construction of their own learning regarding the aspects covered in the foreign language class, and with this they were able to practice reading, writing, and the usage of the vocabulary and grammar studied. Finally, we conclude that the hypertext worked here as an inclusive device, facilitator of reading and propitiator of writing, making the participant students authors of digital texts that provided them with learning throughout all the process they have been through. http://ijaers.com/detail/virtual-environment-digital-hypertext-reading-and-writing-in-foreign-language/ Joyce Vieira Fettermann, Elaine Teixeira da Silva, Annabell del Real Tamariz, Carlos Henrique Medeiros de Souza, Fabricio Moraes de Almeida http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1 IJAERS-MAR-2018-11-Virtual Environment, Digital.pdf Virtual Case File (VCF) was a case management software to be developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to replace the existing Automated Case Support (ACS) software system. The goal of the project was to modernize FBI’s suite of investigative software applications; the ACS system was developed in-house consisting of several layers of applications that were outdated and difficult to use. Based on the Goldstein’s [1] report it was identified that the VCF system did not adhere to the requirements of the project and was fragmented. This case study identifies the critical problems from requirements engineering perspective that contributed to VCF project failure and discusses software engineering methods that would assist in requirements gathering. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-case-study-on-software-requirements-engineering-using-the-fbi-virtual-case-file-project-report/ N. Devadiga http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2 IJAERS-MAR-2018-36-A Case Study on Software.pdf This study aimed to describe the mathematical connections process of students in solving geometry problems. The mathematical connections process was the students’ steps in doing mathematical connections. The observed aspects were the internal connections (the interrelationships between mathematical concepts) and external connections (the mathematical interrelationships and outside of mathematics or daily life). The samples of this reasearch were the student with high and low mathematical logical intelligence. The results of the research showed that the students with high logical mathematical intelligence did the internal and external connections in solving geometry problems completely based on polya problem solving steps. Meanwhile, the students with low logical mathematical intelligence did the internal and external connections until the step of understanding the problems. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-mathematical-connections-process-of-junior-high-school-students-with-high-and-low-logical-mathematical-intelligence-in-solving-geometry-problems/ Masyita Dini Islami, Sunardi, Slamin http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3 IJAERS-MAR-2018-39-The Mathematical Connections.pdf Critical thinking has a very important role in constructing the improvement of students' ability to face the 21st century, especially in generalizing the pattern of the two dimensional arithmetic series. Since critical thinking is necessary when we try to understand and process information, put forward ideas or ideas objectively, and develop deeper insights. The purpose of this study is to analyse students' critical thinking skills based on P21. This study is a combination method in which this method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Research subjects are high school students. This subject is expected to provide an overview of critical thinking based on P21. Data collection techniques in this study are: (1) test, this technique is used to measure the ability of students in mastering the arithmetic array of two dimensions; (2) interview; it is based on the students work in solving the problem of two dimensional arithmetic series. The data result showed that in the experimental class had increased 40.85% on the indicator of effective reasoning, 37,44% on indicator of thinking system, 47,53% on decision indicator, and 42,55% on problem solving indicator. While the control class experienced a 19.5% increase in the effective reasoning indicator, 0.07% on the indicator of the thinking system, 0.02% on the decision making indicator, and 0.02% on the problem solving indicator. http://ijaers.com/detail/student-critical-thinking-in-solving-two-dimensional-armetics-problems-based-on-21th-century-skills/ Mohammad Mukhlis, Dafik, Hobri http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4 IJAERS-MAR-2018-41-Student Critical thinking.pdf This paper describes the requirement of the Numerical simulation of compression ignition diesel injection by the use of computer language and it also compares the performance parameter for the biodiesel such as jatropha and karanja. The Engine test was carried out in 512 Army base workshops for the experimental validations. It was carried out on SAJ dynamometer which was installed in Engine test house for testing of Engines. Performance parameters such as Brake power, Brake Torque, Mechanical efficiency, Thermal Efficiency, Pressure vs Crank angle and Heat release Rate vs Crank Angle was taken from the Engine test house. The Program code for the Performance parameter of Engine was developed in C++ language. Then the simulation was carried out. The simulation results were compared and analyzed with the experimental results. The final results was effective for compression ignition diesel injection. As we know that today’s world is approaching towards computer simulated results, so the numerically simulated results will save time and money for engine testing house. Likewise we can approach towards numerical simulation for various types of Engines. http://ijaers.com/detail/numerical-simulation-of-compression-ignition-diesel-injection-cidi-to-investigate-performance-parameters/ Avinash Lahane, Dr. Anand Kumar Pandey http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5 IJAERS-MAR-2018-38-Numerical Simulation of Compression.pdf Algebraic material is still considered difficult by many students, especially for those in junior high schools. They still find it difficult to understand and solve algebraiv problems. This happens because their level of understanding for algebraic material is still low, therefore it takes the participation of many parties, including peers and parents, to overcome this problem (caring community based learning). This study aims to improve the students’ understanding of the algebraic concept and to minimize the errors that occur in solving algebra problems. The study was conducted in 3 cycles, each cycle consisted of 3 phases, ie plan - do - see, in accordance with the learning cycle in the lesson study. The subjects of this research were 32 students of VII G class of MTs Negeri 2 Jember in the 2017/2018 academic year. Data collection techniques used were observation, tests and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method through three steps: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that there was a high confidence increase in learning among the students and the “care” occured in the learning process. The students’ understanding and mastery of algebraic material were also improved through caring community based lesson study for learning community. http://ijaers.com/detail/algebraic-learning-through-caring-community-based-on-lesson-study-for-learning-community/ Hosnan, Hobri, Dafik http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6 IJAERS-MAR-2018-40-Algebraic Learning through.pdf A hand gesture recognition system provides a natural, innovative and modern way of nonverbal communication. It has a wide area of application in human computer interaction and sign language. The whole system consists of three components: hand detection, gesture recognition and human-computer interaction (HCI) based on recognition; in the existing technique, ANFIS(adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system) to recognize gestures and makes it attainable to identify relatively complex gestures were used. But the complexity is high and performance is low. To achieve high accuracy and high performance with less complexity, a gray illumination technique is introduced in the proposed Hand gesture recognition. Here, live video is converted into frames and resize the frame, then apply gray illumination algorithm for color balancing in order to separate the skin separately. Then morphological feature extraction operation is carried out. After that support vector machine (SVM) train and testing process are carried out for gesture recognition. Finally, the character sound is played as audio output. http://ijaers.com/detail/support-vector-machine-based-image-classification-for-deaf-and-mute-people/ Mr. J. Jijin Godwin, Pavithra S, Nandini S, Shree Shankari R http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7 IJAERS-FEB-2018-33-Support Vector Machine.pdf The quality of education today is still a relatively prominent problem in efforts to improve the quality of the national education system. One of the things needs to be improved is the ability to think critically. Critical thinking ability is an important ability to have by students in order to solve the problems faced in changing world. Learning Mathematics by using problem-based learning model of scientific approach is one alternative approach that aims to improve the ability of critical thinking to be trained properly. This study aimed to examine the improvement of students' critical thinking skills, especially on the learning material “Linear Equation System of Two Variables”, both reviewed in whole and in groups of students (upper and lower groups). This research was conducted in junior high school at middle level. The data were collected through tests and questionnaires. The results of the study showed that there was an improvement of critical thinking of 35.29%. The improvement was considered as very low due to the researcher’s lack of attention on the level of difficulty among the test items. The level of difficulty was very important to pay attention in order to know how the students' critical thinking skills improvement was. The Student Activities Observation Result showed that the average improvement of the students’ active participation every meeting was 83.74% which meant that the students were actively joining every lesson. Furthermore, the data analysis of the students’ response questionnaire revealed that students showed a positive attitude toward learning mathematics by using problem-based learning of scientific approach http://ijaers.com/detail/improving-the-students-critical-thinking-ability-through-problem-based-learning-model-of-scientific-approach-on-linear-equation-system-of-two-variables-learning-material/ Y. Danni Prihartanto, Sunardi, Nanik Yuliati http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8 IJAERS-MAR-2018-31-Improving the.pdf Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is an important one field communication and that uses parallel information series. Contrast and single carrier adjustment are basic aspects of this technique where OFDM has many favourable circumstances are risky to work on this technique. It is robust, easy to use, and strength to safe the processing channel from distortions. It provides safety from multipath, much lesser computational many-sided characteristic. OFDM has some significant to execute it in commonly using media transmission frameworks. OFDM standard tolerate Packet misfortune, Bit trouble, Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Calculation of PAPR, Power Spectrum estimation. This dissertation is targeted to show the comparison of AWGN and Rayleigh channel by using fading process for particularity in superior performance with individual values of spectrums as well as by their scattering plots. In this dissertation each and every signal of these terms are examined and all the four parameters are thought about utilizing AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel by changing the period of a portion of the subcarriers utilizing QPSK in OFDM regulation. The representation of outputs is finished through MATLAB programming. http://ijaers.com/detail/a-detailed-study-of-channel-estimation-and-ber-optimization-in-presence-of-awgn-and-rayleigh-channel-of-ofdm-system/ Santosh, Piyush Vyas http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9 IJAERS-APR-2018-10-A Detailed.pdf This article provides an overview of some of the recent research in agriculture involving remote sensing and GIS. Attention focuses on application of remote sensing and GIS specially in agriculture including geography, land surveying, most Earth Science disciplines, parent child relationship, unique identification, attributes, technical parameters, 2D/3D view and any other requirement customized. These advances have been made over recent years and foundations for future research established and can be efficiently used in Agriculture for better results. http://ijaers.com/detail/application-of-remote-sensing-gis-in-agriculture/ Acharya S.M, Pawar S.S, Wable N.B http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10 IJAERS-APR-2018-3-Application of.pdf Thermal Ice Storage System (TISS) is an innovative way of storing night-time off-peak energy for daytime peak usage. In many locations, demand for electrical power peaks during summer time. Air-conditioning equipment are the main reason accounting for as much as half of the power demand during the hot mid-day hours when electricity is most expensive. Since utilities have spare electrical generating capacity at night, electricity generated during this “off-peak” is much less expensive. In this research a numerical model for Latent Heat Storage (LHS) cylindrical tank has been obtained from a numerical package, ANSYS software ver. 15, and compared to an experimental data gathered from similar tank. The data showed good agreement with the experimental data with an error of 9%. The numerical model can be used to estimate ice thickness and tank geometries for any future work. http://ijaers.com/detail/numerical-experimental-investigation-of-solidification-thickness-around-cylindrical-surfaces-for-hvac-cold-storage-systems/ Jamal Youssef Al Abbas, Hussein Ali Tina, Bassam Edmond Badran http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11 IJAERS-APR-2018-5-Numerical.pdf The success of complex systems projects is strongly influenced by their architecture. A key role of a system architect is to decide whether and how to integrate new technologies in a system architecture. Technology readiness levels (TRL) scale has been used for decades to support decision making regarding the technology infusion in complex systems, but it still faces challenges related to the integration of technologies to a system architecture. Integration Readiness Levels (IRL) scale has been elaborated in the last decade to face these challenges, representing the integration maturity between the technological elements of a system. The aim of this theoretical article is to perform a literature review on IRL scale evaluation and on systems architecture, through bibliographic research. Results show the review organized in five topics that surrounds the research objective, presenting the IRL and TRL scales evolution, comparing their evaluation practices, and exploring the architecture complexity of systems. Suggestions for future research are proposed based on these results. http://ijaers.com/detail/integration-readiness-levels-evaluation-and-systems-architecture-a-literature-review/ Gabriel T. Jesus, Milton F. Chagas Jr. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12 IJAERS-MAR-2018-43-Integration.pdf In this work, design and simulation of two dimensional photonic crystal with hexagonal lattice based wavelength division multiplexer is investigated. It is consists of high dielectric rods of GaAs with refractive index 3.375, surrounded by air. This device is ultra compact. The demultiplexing of wavelengths 1330nm and 1470nm is done, based on different output line defects with different radius by pitch ratio. The Discrete Fourier Transforms and power spectrum is obtained using OptiFDTD method and results are compared for various wavelengths. http://ijaers.com/detail/design-and-analysis-of-low-coupling-high-transmission-optical-wavelength-demultiplexer-based-on-two-dimensional-photonic-crystal/ Gloria Joseph, Ritika Dhaka http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13 IJAERS-APR-2018-15-Design.pdf This research was conducted at one ULOS fabric (Boi Tulus Sianipar Weaving Fabric) in Toba Samosir Regency of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Every organization or company engages in product selling, creates strategies, or attempts aiming at increasing their sale or market. One of them which is discussed in this research is the implementation of quality product improvement in increasing product sale. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect or the role of quality product improvement in increasing its sale in Textile Fabric of Boi Tulus Sianipar in Toba Samosir regency. This research also concerns on unique product of one area compared with others. Based on the data gathered and data analysis, it is concluded that the improvement of quality product affects its sale. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-role-of-quality-product-in-sale-increase-of-ulos-at-boi-tulus-sianipar-weaving-fabric-in-toba-samosir-regency-2/ Hotlin Siregar, Leonard Roberto Sinaga http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14 IJAERS-APR-2018-27-The Role.pdf Research data demonstrate that the analyzes built around School Evasion considers, primarily, the quantitative metrics of students’ entry and exit and also the monetary losses, especially because it would be incoherent not to take as reference the goals and objectives outlined for education school system. However, analyzing the vectors that influence students’ decision to interrupt their formative process, according to purely numerical criteria, would imply in ignoring the function of educational institutions and the real causes/reasons stemming from the social and relational demand of students' passage on educational institutions. For this reason, problematizing some of the recurring issues and incidents generated by certain investigations seems instigating and challenging. If in on the one hand, the attitude of understanding the conceptualization, the investigative tendencies and the characteristics of the studies give rise to certain criticisms that put in check the complexity of the object in question, on the other, it can stimulate the construction of other tendencies, new pathways, other possible ways of overcoming the gaps identified in the studies about School Evasion in Brazil. http://ijaers.com/detail/school-evasion-in-the-brazilian-trends-analyzing-the-vectors-that-influence-students-decision-to-interrupt-their-formative-process/ Cristiana Barcelos da Silva, Carlos Henrique Medeiros de Souza, Laís Teixeira Lima, Erik Brum Drumond, Fabrício Moraes de Almeida, Priscilla Gonçalves de Azevedo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15 IJAERS-MAR-2018-33-School Evasion.pdf This study focuses on the strategy for efficiency in production and operation in the services of a people management sector in a public judicial organization. Identified the need to innovate practices to achieve excellence, the U and Contingency Theories were used to reach proposed objectives. The general objective was to study the strategy for efficiency in production and operation in the Department of Personnel Management, and as specific objectives characterize the strategy of efficiency in production and operation, perform the SWOT analysis on the practices of the process operation and suggest innovation for efficiency of the productive process. The question asked was: What is the strategy for efficiency in the results of the production and operation of the services provided? To achieve the objectives and answer the question asked was qualitative research. Data collection was obtained through exploratory research in loco, followed by a descriptive phase through field research, using open interviews and application of query forms. Consequently, SWOT analysis and the DMAIC model were applied to finally suggest innovation. The proposed objectives were reached, where the contingency approach with a behavioral focus and guided leadership was envisaged. The question was answered and the motivation for suggestion of innovations was firmly established in the process of presencing and knowledge management of Theory U. It was concluded that the strategy for efficiency in results should focus on the dynamic organizational complexity, acting in an integrated way, developing abilities of employees until then unincorporated, allowing the evolution of the flow of knowledge management, empowering skills. http://ijaers.com/detail/production-and-operating-strategies-with-focus-on-the-efficiency-of-the-public-service/ Bianca Moret Neubauer, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Mário Nenevê, Valéria Arenhardt, Eduardo Egídio Vicensi Deliza http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16 IJAERS-APR-2018-24-Production.pdf The origin of the papermaking took place in China in the year 105 (d.C), its creator, Ts'ai Lun used a process of disintegration of fibers of various materials which resulted in the final product called paper. The discovery of this product has brought humanity several benefits. As important as water and energy, paper, has become an indispensable product in our daily life, everything that is seen, touched and used, paper is constantly present, so much is its use on a world scale that there was a concern of as we would do so that this product could be reused to avoid an environmental catastrophe, polluting our ecosystem. After Law 12,305, the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy - PNRS sanctioned in 2010, there was a marked increase in the selective collection of this material and a high stimulus to the consumption of recycled paper. The PNRS obliges all public agencies to consume recycled material and demand is increasing, the price of recycled paper tends to fall a lot and finally paper recycling becomes one of the best investments of the sector in Brazil. Nowadays, the paper is manufactured from the extraction of cellulose, through the recycling process. Cellulose can be obtained from any fibrous material, but only a few tree species have the appropriate quality and purity. In Brazil, the most appropriate species for paper production are eucalyptus and pine. Although recycling is considered the core of a circular economy for the return of materials to the supply chain, its procedures are poorly understood. Waste recycling is considered a major source of energy savings and a promoter of CO2 recovery. In addition, it generates jobs and changes markets around the world. This article presents a technological prospection of patent deposits that use paper recycling, as key words were used recycled paper. For the search of patents, the Espacenet database was used, obtaining a total of 244 patent documents, from 1980 to 2017. The results show that the year 2014 obtained the largest number of patent deposits, 17 records. The countries holding patents on recycling are Germany with 47 patent documents, China with 46, the United States with 42, Japan with 40. In short, patent applications in this technology branch have much to grow around the world , since the recycling industry has a high potential to generate innovation, making it an indispensable business in developed economies. http://ijaers.com/detail/technological-monitoring-on-recycled-paper/ Suzana Leitão Russo, Luana Brito de Oliveira, Jonas Pedro Fabris, Adonis Reis de Medeiros Filho http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17 IJAERS-APR-2018-7-Technological.pdf In the current scenario of Production Engineering, where analysis tools are applied like indicators of production, control and optimization of productive processes or even in the application of advanced analytical methods to support decision making, the Three-parameter Logistic Model (ML3) is one of the most promising, belonging to the Item Response Theory (IRT). This model provides ways of representing the relation between the probabilities of an individual giving a certain response to an item. Also it can identify latent features and parameters of the items, in the area of study knowledge. The objective of this research was to verify the scientific productions found in the electronic databases selected around the Three Parameters Logistic Model. A bibliometrics was carried in the year of 2012 until the last publication of the month of July of 2017. The bases that were investigated are Web of science, Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar. The authors found twelve articles about the subject. The year of 2016 was the most productive (33,3%), articles with three authors were the most frequent (41,7%), SAGE Journals Educational and Psychological Measurement was the journal with the highest number of publications (25.0%), the USA was the most productive country (41.7%) and Yorkville University was the most profitable university (16.7%). The conclusion is that although the ML3 is relevant for the development of several areas of Production Engineering in relation to IRT, it still little used and exploited in the production of scientific knowledge, revealing a potential area for the development of new researches. http://ijaers.com/detail/three-parameter-logistic-model-ml3-a-bibliometrics-analysis/ Edson Luis Leopardi Medeiros, Guilherme de Sá, Pedro Gabriel Ambrosio, Leopoldo Pedro Guimarães Filho, Vilson Menegon Bristot, Kristian Madeira, Cristina Keiko Yamaguchi, Fernanda Cristina Silva Ferreira, Stéfano Frizzo Stefenon http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18 IJAERS-APR-2018-20-Three-Parameter.pdf Need of the hour in present day scenario is to cope with energy crisis and human life in India and around the globe which is associated with depletion in the percentage of petroleum products and increase in the share of pollution caused due to emissions from diesel operated engines. This work tries to address these two major concern with the use of alternative fuel for diesel engine .A lot of research is going on the use of alternative and innovative fuels in the word, among those one of the most promising alternative ought to be hydrogen for being a clean and non carbon in nature. However various ongoing researches shown hydrogen blending to be proved to show positive effect on performance and emission of a diesel engine, which has to be carried forwarded. In this work a flow rate of 4 lpm, 6 lpm and 8 lpm respectively blend of hydrogen proportion where used along which diesel at loading at a constant speed of 1500 rpm to determine various engine performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption ,brake power, indicated thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, torque output and power output. along with these various emission parameters such as percentage of CO,HC ,NOx gas temperature with varying blend proportion are also observed and compared. http://ijaers.com/detail/experimental-investigation-of-the-effects-of-hydrogen-addition-with-diesel-on-performance-and-emission-of-a-single-cylinder-diesel-engine/ Mirza Hassan Hashmi, Nitin Dubey http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19 IJAERS-APR-2018-17-Experimental.pdf A comprehensive study of buckling behavior of polygonal tubes with honeycomb filler under axial loading is presented in this paper. Honeycomb filled tubes have got a lot more attention due to their strong and stiff behavior with enhanced energy absorption capacity. For simulating the buckling behavior events of finite element models eigen value buckling code was used using the Abaqus/Explicit. This paper firstly investigates the buckling behavior of polygonal tubes without honeycomb filler and then the antipodal with honeycomb filler. The calculated buckling response of polygonal tubes is shown to better resembled when honeycomb filler is used. http://ijaers.com/detail/finite-element-analysis-of-honeycomb-filled-metallic-tubes-subjected-to-axial-loading/ Danish Anis Beg, Bakhtawar Hasan Khan, Afaque umer, Mohd. Reyaz Ur Rahim http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20 IJAERS-APR-2018-19-Finite element.pdf The sale "Al Ina" is a transaction prohibited by the Islamic religion, this article is a contribution to the mathematical-economic demonstration that this transaction aggravates the deterioration of the economy by the creation of negative added-values. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-transaction-al-ina-and-its-relationship-with-economic-growth/ Lakhyar Zouhair http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21 IJAERS-APR-2018-4-The transaction.pdf The Research dealt with the Effect of Distribution Channels toward Sales Level at UD Martabe Tarutung. The formulation of the problem is: How the distributions channels affect the sales level at UD. Martabe Tarutung. The research was conducted by using quantitative research design. The research method used is: descriptive method, with technique Trend Analysis. The population of this study is all part UD. Martabe Tarutung and taken from sales data and distribution channels costs for 5 years in 2012-2016, and the subject of the study is marketing manager and staff who are willing to provide the required data. The result of this study showed that Distribution channels have positive effect (direction) Toward Sales Level at UD. Martabe Tarutung. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-effect-of-distribution-channels-toward-sales-level-at-ud-martabe-tarutung/ Rosalinda S. Sitompul, Ester Mawar Siagian http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/22 IJAERS-APR-2018-29-The Effect.pdf Radiographic image has been used for patient positioning, target localization radiation beam alignment, and subsequent verification of treatment delivery in radiotherapy. Radiographic imaging as all medical use of ionizing radiation can give significant exposure to the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the radiological dose for chest imaging. Imaging dose during course of radiotherapy add dose to high therapeutic dose therefore this raises the issue of the balance between the benefit of these additional imaging exposures and the associated risk of radiation induced cancer arising from them. Therefore, estimation of imaging doses and possibility of its risk is necessary to provide adequate justification of this exposure. In this dissertation the main investigated type of the X-ray simulation were chest AP and PA, the total number of patients was 10 ( 62 radiographs). The fluctuation of the entrance surface dose (ESD) was relatively ranging from 0.35 µGy to 8.43 µGy for AP projection, and from 0.12 µGy to 0.46 µGy for PA projection. The mean values of ESD were found to be within guidance limits which was proposed in some countries (CEC 2004, and Germany 2003). http://ijaers.com/detail/evolution-of-patient-dose-in-chest-radiotherapy-planning/ Elfadil Mahmoud Yousef, Nooreldin Fadol, Mohammed Ismail Adam, Gaswara Al Aadeen Ahmed http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/23 IJAERS-APR-2018-18-Evolution.pdf The development of computer aided design (CAE) technology, especially casting simulation software (Magmasoft v5), can be utilized maximally as a tool to verify the design of castings that have been made to be able to meet the elements of QCD (quality, cost, delivery) and compete in the market. This study aims to obtain an optimal ESV housing casting design by reviewing and modifying the casting design in terms of both quality and economics. The process of design optimization with casting simulation is an important step in the design and development of casting products to improve casting yield and casting quality. The optimal design of castings is obtained by improving the design through pouring system using bottom pouring and optimizing the riser design. The results of this study obtained Design # 2 as a design choice of pouring system because it can improve the quality of casting products. Design # 2 optimized again into Design # 4 as the optimum design and able to increase the yield casting by 5.11% from the previous design (Design # 2). The result of techno economic analysis shows that by allocating 4% budget for design cost can contribute to decrease of production cost of foundry ESV housing up to 54,95%. http://ijaers.com/detail/techno-economic-review-on-casting-design-steam-turbine-emergency-stop-valve-esv-housing/ Khamda Herbandono, Arifin, Harry Purnama, Agus Krisnowo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/24 IJAERS-APR-2018-14-Techno.pdf The aim of this paper is to investigate the scaling effect in modeling of the earthen dam breach process during the overtopping or piping. Small scale models are inexpensive but in most cases yield unreal results. In scaling the earthen dam breach phenomenon, the effect of grains detachment should be taken into account. In this article attempt is made to consider the effect of grains detachment in an appropriate way in the scaling method. For this purpose the results of real failed dams are utilized. A number of dams with a high height and a number of dams with low height were selected and it was assumed that the laboratory dams are replaced by the small dams. Then the ratio of their corresponding heights is taken as the scaling factor and the scale of grains detachment is calculated. Calculation of the maximum outflow discharge from dam based on this ratio yields an appropriate estimate of this parameter. http://ijaers.com/detail/estimating-the-maximum-outflow-discharge-from-dam-breach-using-the-scaling-method/ Alireza Babaeian Amini http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/25 IJAERS-APR-2018-31-Estimating.pdf Surabaya community always busy with routine, including the teenagers. Many teenagers visited Apsari Park to refresh the mind. The visitors are dominated by teenager. The attraction from Apsari park is the diversity of vegetation. This study aims to analyze the teenager’s perception about vegetation arrangement at Apsari park. Study design through theoretical studies. We used quantitative research method and multi-stage analysis. Data were collected by random sampling and structured interview. The research process was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The results can be a guidance in managing the design of vegetation and create a government policy about the City Parks. http://ijaers.com/detail/teenager-perception-the-apsari-park-aesthetic-review-on-vegetation-arrangement/ Amir Mukmin Rachim, Antariksa, Surjono, Lisa Dwi Wulandari http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/26 IJAERS-APR-2018-1-Teenager.pdf This study focuses on municipal management through information and communication technology in Smart City modeling. It presents a model for management of a Smart City with information technology resources to demonstrate the process of structuring integrated systems, analyze the benefits that this will bring by modeling local government activities, and introduce innovative measures for local government restructuring. It applies the simulated case study method and related procedures in a qualitative research approach, based on creativity and innovation. It reports the process of structuring integrated systems and analyses the benefits of a model of a Smart City. The Smart City will make the living conditions of the population much more pleasant and will reduce budgetary costs by deploying smart services. Eco-innovation, as set out in the Oslo Manual, extends to public businesses and is confirmed by the organizational innovation of civic processes. The solution in today’s conditions is to manage cities using information technology and communication, where millions of citizens may enjoy the maximum benefit of a project of this kind. This study providing a framework for a smart city about its technology, innovation, and public affairs. http://ijaers.com/detail/public-management-focused-to-the-smart-city/ Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Norma Maria Coelho Vieira, Fabricio Moraes de Almeida, Cléofas Aristoteles Nogueira, Franklin Soares Rodrigues, Antoni Barreto de Matos, Maria José Aguilar Madeira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/27 IJAERS-APR-2018-33-Public.pdf This paper presents drivers to promote sustainable management in the forest economy in Rondônia, as an alternative to the traditional economic approach to forest resources. Therefore, the study questions how the forest management in the State of Rondônia can contribute as an alternative to the predatory use of the forest, mitigating the impact on the Amazonian socio-biodiversity. The general objective is to generate knowledge about the exploitation of timber and non-timber resources in Rondônia, and has as specific goals to promote the survey of the theme, as indicated in theory and according to practices carried out in the State of Rondônia / Brazil (1); to discuss the main characteristics of forest management with sustainability, promoting its multifaceted characterization in the face of commercial and intercropping (2); and finally, to address the alternative uses of Forest Management, indicating drivers and adaptive the spatial conditions of the Amazon region, specifically Rondônia (3). This research is characterized as qualitative with the method of content analysis; involved the raising of theoretical bases that describe the scenario of study and consultation of specialists, to promote the proficient contextualization, analysis, and inference of the results. It was verified that the drivers for sustainable forest management are alternatives to the predatory use of natural resources, providing the use of multiple conservative mechanisms, interrelating profitability and sustainable development, in favor of the emergence and consolidation of an integrated forest production chain with diversified industrial systems. This work is of interest to the scientific community and rural managers and producers since it offers a contribution to the management of forest resources with sustainability. http://ijaers.com/detail/directives-for-sustainability-management-in-the-amazon-forest-economy/ Eliezer de Souza Nascimento, Flavio de São Pedro Filho, Alexandre Leonardo Simões Piacentini, Marcos TadeuSimõesPiacentini, Elder Gomes Ramos http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/28-IJAERS-APR-2018-36-Directives.pdf This paper deals with the Pareto Analysis of problems observed and criticized by clients in a hotel establishment in the municipality of Porto Velho, capital of the State of Rondônia. The general objective of the research is to study the use of Pareto Analysis in these problems that annoy the clients; (1), to group the data in descending order of frequency and to calculate the cumulative values (2), and indicating innovation for managerial control through a tool for Pareto Analysis in a dynamical way (3). The methodology of the qualitative-quantitative approach, of an exploratory nature, is adopted; the bibliographic survey and the field research are applied in support of the case study. Through the database system that the company under study possesses, the data necessary to be used in the Pareto Analysis are obtained, completing the first specific objective; the grouping of these data in descending order of absolute frequency, the calculation of the cumulative values, the preparation of the Pareto Diagram and the analysis carried out successfully completed the second specific objective; and finally the study is finished with the creation of a tool that allows a more dynamic analysis of the scenario in which the company is inserted, as a proposal of innovation for the institution to perform its practical and dynamic analyzes, useful in decision making. This study is a contribution of the academy to managers who work with complex decisions in hotel or related establishments interested in customer satisfaction. http://ijaers.com/detail/innovating-management-control-by-dynamic-analysis-of-pareto-in-a-hotel-business/ Anderson Rodrigues dos Santos, Flávio de São Pedro Filho, Fabricio Moraes de Almeida, Marcelo José Peres Gomes da Silva, Tiyao Sui-Qui http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/29-IJAERS-APR-2018-38-Innovating.pdf In this work, we pretended to show and compare three methodologies used to solve the inverse kinematics of a 3 DOF robotic manipulator. The approaches are the algebraic method through Matlab® solve function, Genetic Algorithms (GAs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Another aspect considered is the trajectory planning of the manipulator, which allows the user to control the desired movement in the joint space. We compare polynomials of third, fourth and fifth orders for the solution of the chosen coordinates. The results show that the ANN method presented best results due to its configuration to show only feasible joint values, as also do the GA. In the trajectory planning the analysis lead to the fifth-order polynomial, which showed the smoothest solution. http://ijaers.com/detail/inverse-kinematics-and-trajectory-planning-analysis-of-a-robotic-manipulator/ Lucas B. de Souza, Jônatas F. Dalmedico, Henrique S. Kondo, Márcio Mendonça, Marcio A. F. Montezuma, Katarzyna PoczÄ™ta http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/30 IJAERS-APR-2018-35-Inverse.pdf This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance at Cv. Putra Saleh Anugrah of Samosir Regency. Data analysis method is used simple correlation analysis method, simple linear regression analysis and t-test. The population and sample of this research are all employees at Cv. Putra Saleh Anugrah in Samosir regency with the total number of sample were 25 employees. Based on research analysis, it was found that rcaunt = (0,936)> rtable= (0,413), it concluded that there is a significant relationship between Organization Culture (X) with Employees’ Performance (Y) at Cv. Putra of Saleh Anugrah of Samosir Regency. The regression equation is Y = 0.299 + 1.184X. The significance of variable correlation is equal to 12,724. Then the value is compared with ttable with the error rate 5% df = n-2 = 23. The value of ttable= 2.069. In accordance with the requirements of hypothesis testing that tcaunt = (12.724)> ttable (2.069) it is concluded that Organizational Culture (X) has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) at Cv. Putra Saleh Anugrah Samosir District, hence the research hypothesis accepted. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-influence-of-organizational-culture-on-employees-performance-at-cv-putra-saleh-anugrah-in-district-samosir/ Herta Manurung, Delviana RW. Sihombing. http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/31 IJAERS-APR-2018-41-The Influence.pdf The morphology of a channel, in a space-time resolution, suffers with sedimentological processes of erosion, transport and deposition. Processes that are more accentuated in meandering channels. In the present work the objective is to analyze, identify and discuss the changes occurred in spatial and temporal sequence in the form of the meanders and river bed of a section of the Mamorecillo River between the provinces of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz - Bolivia. Characterized by being an extensively meandering river - characteristic of the river basin in which it is inserted, the Amazon Basin, the present study, through remote sensing resources, seeks to discuss and correlate the changes occurred in the channel in a period of twenty-seven years (1985-2012). As well as understanding the processes of migration of the meanders that this section of the Mamorecillo River suffered through the sedimentological processes of erosion and deposition and consequently understand the processes in the Amazon basin. For the accomplishment of the work, the studied area was delimited and allied with geoprocessing tools such as software and aerial images, the main geomorphological features were identified and their changes discussed during the studied period. In this work, we intend to correlate and verify the inter-dependence (referring to the sedimentological and / or hydrological contribution) that exists between the Mamorecillo River and the Chimoré and Ichilo rivers. http://ijaers.com/detail/remote-sensing-analysis-of-the-meanders-migration-in-the-mamorecillo-river-between-1985-and-2012-bolivia/ Cristiane Heredia Gomes, Diogo Gabriel Sperandio, Rafael Lima Dessart http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/32 IJAERS-APR-2018-39-Remote.pdf