http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us October This article defines a smart city not as a measure of how smart a city is but as an endeavor to become innovative. The meaning attached to A smart city is innovative in terms of administration, policy, and technology. Because each city's distinct setting influences its technical, organizational, and policy elements, we may think of smart cities as a contextualized interaction of technical, managerial, and policy innovation. However, there is a dearth of study on innovation in Management and policy, despite the abundant literature on technological innovation. After reviewing the public management literature, the author concluded that urban planning is a critical component of urban growth. Cities with sufficient intellectual resources, established institutions, and developed infrastructure are smart cities. The purpose of this exposition is to analyze the smart city's function in urban administration. The research establishes a link between coverage planning and investment pressure zones. The author's categorization of Medium-Size Cities is the primary outcome. The purpose of this article is to close a research gap by developing a complete framework for seeing the smart city movement as an invention that encompasses technology, Management, and policy. Additionally, we explore the inherent dangers of innovation, innovative techniques while avoiding risks, and the settings in which innovation and risks occur. http://ijaers.com/detail/smart-city-in-urban-innovation-concept-management-policy-and-technology/ Ahmed Muayad Younus http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-09202129-SmartCity.pdf This article deals with the role of state attorney in the implementation of the duty of coherence of the Public Administration. The Postmodern State, strongly marked by complexity, plurality and uncertainty, causes the public manager the task of reducing legal uncertainty and dispensing with isonomic treatment to the administered. The effectiveness of the principle of legal certainty and the guarantee of state coherence depends on the improvement of public management, but also on the organization and autonomy of public advocacy. Highlighted in the constitutional text as an essential function of Justice, public advocacy is responsible for internal control and defense of the legality of state acts, guaranteeing the public administration a management within the parameters set in the legal system. The coherent and isonomic action of the Public Administration, avoiding the publication of contradictory acts and the unequal treatment between persons inserted in similar contexts, depends, to a large extent, on the performance of the state attorney that, for that reason, must have ensured the functional independence. In the exercise of its institutional mission, public advocacy must ensure administrative coherence, which reveals the need for issuing opinions and other forms of legal expression, including in the judicial sphere, that guarantee respect for judicial and administrative precedents. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-role-of-state-attorney-in-the-duty-of-coherence-in-public-administration/ Rafael Carvalho Rezende Oliveira http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-09202147-Therole.pdf Mango production is one of the world’s main agricultural activities. In Brazil it is among the most produced and exported fruits, generating employment and raising millions every year, being the São Francisco Valley the main center of production of this fruit. Through a case study this work aims to characterize and analyze the cost of production and determine the economic and financial efficiency of mango cultivation worked with the irrigation system by surface furrow and located by micro sprinkling, in the Curaçá Project, municipality of Juazeiro - BA. Regarding the cost of production, it showed that from the sixth year, the most expensive segment is the cultural tracts. It was found that mango cultivation is viable and profitable in both systems, but the irrigation system located by micro aspersion, in addition to providing greater water savings, has better indicators of efficiency and economic viability, compared to the surface groove irrigation system. Thus, the use of the irrigation system located by micro sprinkling will provide water savings in times of water scarcity and future scenarios of climate change, as well as greater profitability to producers, thus creating better acceptance of this technology. http://ijaers.com/detail/economic-and-financial-determination-of-mango-cultivation-under-different-irrigation-management-in-the-cura-project-in-juazeiro-ba/ Anderson Gilvan de Souza Subrinho, José Lincoln Pinheiro Araújo, João Ricardo Ferreira de Lima, Aluísio Sampaio Neto http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/3IJAERS-09202151-Economic.pdf Some theoretical and experimental models have been considered for the prediction of the path loss in mobile communications systems. However, one knows that in real environment, the received signal is subject to variations. The model developed for an urban area cannot give resulted acceptable for different urban areas since that, each model has different parameters in accordance with the considered area. This paper presents the results of propagation channel modeling, based on multivariate time series models using data collected in measurement campaigns and the main characteristics of urbanization in the city of Belem-PA. Transfer function models were used to evaluate effects on the time series of received signal strength (dBm) which was used as the response variable and as explanatory variables of the height of buildings and distances between buildings. As time series models disregard to the possible correlations between neighboring samples, we used a geostatistical model to establish the correctness of this model error. The results obtained with the proposed model showed a good performance compared to the measured signal, considering the data of the eleven routes from the center of the city of Belém/Pa. From the map of the spatial distribution of the received signal strength (dBm), one can easily identify areas below or above dimensional in terms of this variable, that is benefited or damaged compared with the signal reception, which may result in a greater investment of the local operator (concessionaire mobile phone) in those regions where the signal is weak. http://ijaers.com/detail/signal-received-power-mapping-in-wireless-communication-networks-using-time-series-and-geostatistics/ Edilberto Rozal, Evaldo Pelaes http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/4IJAERS-09202148-SignalReceived.pdf Objective: The objective of this research is to map scientific evidence on nursing care for patients with laryngeal cancer.Method:This is an Integrative Literature Review, in which seven articles published between 2007 and 2017 were analyzed. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used.Results: The findings were categorized into 1) Laryngeal cancer prevention - new perspectives and challenges for nursing; 2) Nursing care for patients with laryngeal cancer; 3) Nursing interventions in the communication of laryngectomized patients; 4) Nursing care with pre and postoperative laryngectomy and prevention of pharyngocutaneous fistulas. Preventive, curative and palliative actions are highlighted, through assessments and dressings of the surgical wound, removal of necrotic tissue, care with tubes, late oral feeding to reduce fistula formation and postoperative care, in order to avoid complications and thus reduce the risk of infections, length of stay, hospital expenses and improved quality of life, among other precautions. Conclusion:Preventive actions based on the epidemiological profile of illness are essential to reduce the number of cases and deaths, as well as the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Nursing monitors the entire process from diagnosis, hospital stay, submission to treatments and after all that, rehabilitation and readaptation to a new condition. http://ijaers.com/detail/nursing-care-for-patients-with-laryngeal-cancer-an-integrative-review/ Letícia Almeida de Assunção, Anderson Lineu Siqueira dos Santos, Tatyellen Natasha da Costa Oliveira, Emerson Glauber Abreu dos Santos, Taiana Moita Koury Alves, Robson Roberto Melo Wanzeller, Scylla Lage da Silva Neto, Luceme Martins Silva, Jéssica Maria Lins da Silva, Márcia Geovanna Araújo Paz, Alessandro Souza Silva, Marília Martins dos Santos, Luciana Ramos, Isis Ataide da Silva, Clara Ozeny Lima Olivi, Carla Maria Lima Olivi, Bruno Rafael Ribeiro de Almeida, Simone Melo dos Santos, Jully Greyce Freitas de Paula Ramalho, Lauricéia Valente de Oliveira, Mariana Valente de Oliveira, Lilian Cristina Mainardes de Miranda, Ana Gabriela Sabaa Srur de Andrade, Helena Lins Viana, Ludimila Magalhães Rodrigues da Cunha, Maria de Fátima Amine Houat de Souza, Danielle Cruz Rocha, Osvaldo Luis Carvalho, Marcio Silva Gomes, Larissa Kelly Ranieri Lima, Eluana Costa Carvalho, Felipe Luã Silva De Moraes, Wanne Letícia Santos Freitas, José Alan Rêgo Portal, Remo Rodrigues Carneiro, Michele Monteiro Sousa, Sarah Jacqueline Costa do Lago, Taisa Pereira Cruz Costa Silva, Thais Garcia Raymond Franco, Fernanda Araújo Trindade, Mônica Custódia do Couto Abreu Pamplona, Hellen de Paula Silva da Rocha, Zeze Laeci Cunha Maciel, Ana Caroline Guedes Souza Martins http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/5IJAERS-09202141-Nursingcare.pdf The Geotechnologies has contributed to continuous and agile monitoring, allowing strategic decision, such as monitoring by Remote Sensing in the use and land cover with the agribusiness, which is one of the main sectors of the world economy. Agriculture is one of the responsible for the positive balance of trade in several countries and which many have government policies that subsidize agricultural credits to encourage the sector. Thus, it’s necessary to mitigate risks in the financeable agricultural areas, with quick and transparent inspection. In this scenario, a tool in Python language was develop containing a method, called of Peaks and Valleys (PV) Model, for remote monitoring of agricultural production with multitemporal changes detections. The study was in an area in Brazil, using 9 images from the Nanosatellite Planet, from 2017 to 2019. The method has a decision tree that was able to detect changes in the patterns of agricultural areas, issuing assertive signals in cases of deviation in behavior in the remote monitoring of cultivation, from initial cycle, full and final of maturation agricultural, with messages of warning of vegetation growth or alert of loss of vegetation. In model a multilevel thresholding is performed and descriptors extracted (Entropy, Homogeneity, Correlation and Euclidean Distance). The results indicated that when using multilevel thresholding aggregating contextual information with Object-Oriented refinement by Scale descriptor and application of Low Pass Filter by Mean Convolution, there is significant improvement in results. Was possible to assess the quality of the method and its feasibility for remote monitoring in agricultural production, where the model can be used as a significant indicator of oscillation and multitemporal trends in the use and land cover. Thus, the PV Model can facilitate inspection by of the countries with subsidies for agriculture, whether by inspectors from the Government or by Financial Institutions, in addition to reducing costs in the operational process concentrating face-to-face visits only for areas of large hectares. http://ijaers.com/detail/peaks-and-valleys-model-for-risks-mitigation-in-financial-system-a-method-based-in-multilevel-thresholding-with-obia-for-change-detections-in-agricultural-areas-using-remote-sensing/ Sumaia Resegue Aboud Neta, Edilson de Souza Bias, Rodrigo Nogueira Vasconcelos, Osmar Abílio Carvalho Junior, Celso Aparecido Martins dos Santos http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/6IJAERS-09202132-Peaksand.pdf The social conception of death is distinct in several social groups, as a result of a long historical process, marked by different customs that involve existential, subjective and spiritual dimensions. This article aims toseek to obtain the perception of the Christian community about death, and choices in the face of a terminal illness. Raising issues related to euthanasia, and the moment of death, both of the person himself and that of loved ones. The results obtained show the opinion against euthanasia on the part of Christians, it is clear that they do not consider the possibility of taking the life of a human being in cases of terminal illness. It was found that Christians choose life, be it with almost unbearable suffering, or not. http://ijaers.com/detail/perception-of-death-in-the-view-of-christians/ Vanessa Eler Medeiros, Walber Gonçalves de Souza, Marival Baldoino de Santana, Rosane Gomes de Oliveira, Wederson Marcos Alves, Aline Mattos Peruch Rigoni and Daniel Rodrigues Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/7IJAERS-09202115-Perception.pdf This article aims to bring understanding about the Physical and Psychological Traumas Caused by Traffic Accidents, which every day has occurred with greater frequency. The traumas left by the victims end up harming their life in society, their work, among others. It is a fact that the larger the population, the greater the number of people who use transport, however, it should also be taken into account that traffic accidents also occur with pedestrians. Another factor that needs to be understood is that accidents generate many costs and consequences for victims and their families. Not only in relation to material costs, but also emotional ones, which make it difficult to return to society and socialize with other people.GOALS: The aim is to make the theme more explicit, showing that the physical and psychological traumas that traffic accidents cause to victims cause many consequences in society's life, bringing harm to the victim and several consequences. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH: it is a quantitative bibliographic research, being carried out online and also in different sources, with different authors and websites, which could bring information about the proposed question. A reading and selection of texts that brought answers that are concrete to explain the subject clearly and objectively was carried out. RESULTS: In view of the authors and websites surveyed, it can be understood that physical trauma can affect the daily life of injured people, and simple everyday actions such as dressing and eating can become major challenges. Furthermore, it was possible to understand that accidents bring many costs to both the health system and the victim. Regarding psychological trauma, it is understood that they are emotionally imprinted on the victim, leaving her with fears of going back to her routine, in addition, they cause various stress, which may develop into depression. http://ijaers.com/detail/physical-and-psychological-trauma-caused-by-traffic-accidents/ Wander Luiz Alves Peixoto de Melo, Walber Gonçalves de Souza, Marival Baldoino de Santana, Rosane Gomes de Oliveira, Larissa Dolores Figueiredo Mendes, Wederson Marcos Alves, Julia Dassié Nascimento Rossetto and Daniel Rodrigues Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/8IJAERS-09202116-Physical.pdf Objective: To evaluate how to maintain mental health to minimize depression or prevent its emergence in quarantine times. Literature Review: COVID-19 caused a major worldwide movement in 2020, this disease emerged in China in 2019, but spread rapidly in the world. Thus, people were forced to adhere to social isolation to avoid the spread of the virus, but with this, other problems arose, which were linked to the mental health of the subjects. Thus, cases of anxiety and stress were increased, as well as intensified the depression of the subjects, which is a major problem. Therefore, it is necessary to look for ways to mitigate these conditions that were caused by the modification of the subjects' routine, however, this is a challenge, because to overcome these problems it is necessary to have well-established routines with scheduled activities. Conclusion: It is concluded that social isolation has contributed to the increase in depression, however, it is important to seek healthy habits and routines to minimize its impacts. http://ijaers.com/detail/integrative-review-mental-health-and-covid-19-depression-in-times-of-quarantine/ Beatriz Brandão http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/9IJAERS-08202168-Integrative.pdf Wooden pallets are the most used resources in the storage of tools in the pressing area, in which components for the automotive industry are modeled. The objective of this work was to develop a metallic rack in carbon steel SAE 1020 to store the set of cutting, drilling and folding tools. The methodology used in the execution of this project was the microstructural characterization of the SAE 1020 materials by metallography techniques, hardness, mechanical modeling and simulation, development of the metallic Rack design by technical detailing in 2D via AutoCad® for the prototype, sometimes in 3D through virtual modeling Cliever Lab (Pro)® with Mock-up Create Buildings. The result achieved so far through the development of the Metal Rack has been a reduction in environmental liabilities, greater security in storage and reduction in tooling movement time. http://ijaers.com/detail/sustainable-storage-use-of-metallography-as-a-solution-for-the-development-of-a-new-device/ Marcílio Antunes Leite Filho, Rosinei Batista Ribeiro, Manuel Fernandes Neto, Igor Alexandre Fioravante, Adriano José Sorbile de Souza, José Wilson de Jesus Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/10IJAERS-09202124-Sustainable.pdf The history of Brazilian slavery goes beyond forced labor and suffering. The new historiography on the subject informs about the resistance, sprouted from the fruits of the Quilombos. The objective of this work was based on the search for an association between cuisine and history, of a State that has an important role in Brazil. Literature review method. Conclusion: The great importance of quilombola communities, which seek to maintain the traditions of regional and temporal cuisine, are fundamental. http://ijaers.com/detail/gastronomy-flavors-and-knowledge-of-quilombos-in-the-state-of-rio-de-janeiro-brazil/ Maria Julia Maluf Novaes Franco, Adriana Novaes Rodrigues http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/11IJAERS-09202150-Gastronomy.pdf In order to obtain subsidies for the establishment of promising management and agricultural sustainability, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses of pumpkin cultivars submitted to different agroecological management. The study was carried out on a property located in the municipality of Acarape, Ceara. The experimental design adopted was in split plots, with the plots referring to the two cultivation systems (conventional and in alleys) and the subplots to the three pumpkin cultivars (Jacarezinho, Moranga, and Sergipana), with four repetitions. Biometric and gas exchange variables were assessed in the vegetative and pre-flowering periods. The analysis of variance showed significant responses only for cultivars in which an influence on plant height and stem diameter was observed. Regarding the interaction between environmentand cultivars, the variable height exhibited a significant response. The other variables analyzed in this study were not influenced. http://ijaers.com/detail/ecophysiology-of-pumpkin-cultivars-submitted-to-two-soil-managements/ Aiala Vieira Amorim, Francisca Aline da Silva, Rafael Santiago da Costa, Letícia Kenia Bessa de Oliveira, José Abel Aguiar da Silva Paz, Raimundo Gleidison Lima Rocha, Francisca Edineide Lima Barbosa, Antonio Rafael Moreira Camilo, Antonio Roberto Xavier, Mirian Raquel do Nascimento Fernandes http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/12IJAERS-09202152-Ecophysiology.pdf In this paper we present the development of a mathematical model for the numerical simulation of one-dimensional compressible transient flows in natural gas distribution networks, based on the method of characteristics. This model was developed to validate transient phenomena in distribution networks of piped natural gas, which is why it was decided to build an experimental network with carbon steel pipe, 140 meters in length and two inches in diameter, in order to simulate situations involving localized ruptures. To achieve the safety conditions and calibration of the instruments, the experiments were initially conducted using compressed air, with subsequent use of natural gas. The study included several cases of leakage in the experimental network, which provided evidence that the results obtained show good agreement with the experimental values, thus justifying the use of the model for real cases. http://ijaers.com/detail/application-of-the-method-of-characteristics-in-the-analysis-of-transient-events-in-natural-gas-distribution-networks/ Julio Cézar de Almeida, Glaúcio Antonio Weigert, Saul Renato da Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/13IJAERS-1020212-Application.pdf The injection of pulverized materials in blast furnaces is a technique that has been used in iron making for reducing costs with reducing fuels and allows greater operational control. To be injected, the material needs some chemical, physical and thermal characteristics for the process. However, biomass presents as an economical and environmentally viable alternative to replace part of the coal used in this process. One variable analyzed in the reduction process is the replacement rate (RR), which is the amount of coke saved loading on the top of the reactor per quantity of material injected. There are some mathematical models for calculating the replacement rate based on properties, which are results of studies in determined blast furnaces. This work will show some calculations for replacement rate of biomasses using formulas from the literature. Some results show the technical feasibility for the use of biomass in blast furnaces. http://ijaers.com/detail/blast-furnace-s-replacement-rate-calculation-for-biomasses-based-on-chemical-and-thermal-properties/ Alex M. A. Campos, João Paulo E. Barbosa, Paulo S. Assis http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/14IJAERS-1020215-Blast.pdf The university context, nowadays, is faced with accelerated changes and transformations of great magnitude that interfere in the daily life of the teacher, in particular, in their self-efficacy. The general objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between resilience, daily spiritual experience and self-efficacy of university teachers. A quantitative methodology is presented, cross-sectional and correlational study approach conducted in 2019. Participants were 189 university teachers of health course area of a private university of Ceará, Brazil. The scales of resilience, daily spiritual experience and self-efficacy scale of the university teachers were applied. The results achieved showed a positive association between daily spiritual experience and resilience, as well as, between daily spiritual experience and teacher self-efficacy; also, between daily spiritual experience and teacher self-efficacy. Therefore, it is suggesting further studies to help clarify the results achieved and that encompassing individual and contextual variables that influence, promote or differentiate university teachers. http://ijaers.com/detail/resilience-daily-spiritual-experience-and-self-efficacy-of-university-teachers/ Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira Capelo, Christina César Praça Brasil, Noemí Serrano-Díaz, Zélia Maria de Sousa Araújo Santos, Rita Maria Baptista Lemos Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/15IJAERS-1020217-Resilience.pdf This study is an integral part of the master's thesis entitled Virtual Environment Room as a didactic resource for teaching pathologies associated with Helicobacter pylori. The study of pathologies associated with H. pylori in medical courses is based on the traditional method, predominantly composed of theoretical lectures and some practical classes in the laboratory. This form of approach makes the discipline little motivating for students and does not adequately stimulate the development of autonomy and critical, investigative and creative reasoning of students, constituting a challenge for the effective learning of the contents in question. This article aimed to present the results of the research with medical professors with specialization/residence in gastroenterology who are part of the Medicine course in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Eleven (11) gastroenterological professors participated in this stage, who voluntarily assumed the role of judges of the tool used. With the analysis of the material found, it was found that the teachers already use technological resources, although they do not use recreational resources, however, there is no professional training in the use of technologies, however, given the youthful framework of the teachers, this barrier is easily overcome by the experimentation process that is promoted by the interactive tool that was positively evaluated by them. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-virtual-environment-room-as-a-didactic-resource-for-the-teaching-of-pathologies-associated-with-helicobacter-pylori-from-the-perspective-of-gastroenterology-teachers/ Brian França dos Santos, Carlos Alberto Sanches Pereira, Lucrécia Helena Loureiro, Lidiane de Fátima de Oliveira Souza http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/16IJAERS-10202118-TheVirtual.pdf This article takes a historical narrative approach to the theory of the consumer's productive deviation, and the duty to repair the existential off-balance sheet damage, resulting from the waste of the consumer's vital time, due to vices and defects in the consumer relationship, emphasizing its applicability from its requirements and necessary assumptions. In the course of this study, we will address Resolution no. 39/248 of 1985 of the UN, which has as its scope the consumer protection, and its guiding principles, comparing with the homeland consumer standard, the Consumer Defense Code - CDC (Law No. Law No. 8.078, of September 11, nineteen ninety). Continuing, we will approach the infra-constitutional norms that enshrine time as a protected legal asset, guaranteeing the right to reparation due to its violation, based on a constitutional filtering, taking doctrine and jurisprudence as a parameter. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-supplier-s-civil-responsibility-for-wasting-the-consumer-s-vital-time-in-light-of-the-productive-diversion-theory/ Thiago Marcos Sales Pereira, Rosalina Alves Nantes, Aldair Jone Almeida, Jéferson Araújo Sodré, Delson Fernando Barcellos Xavier, Marcus Vinicius Rivoiro http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/17IJAERS-09202149-TheSupplier.pdf Lightweight devices and constrained resources used in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications have developed in exorbitant numbers, generating a large amount of data required for intelligent data processing. One of the foremost emerging messaging protocols used to address the requirements of these lightweight IoT nodes is Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). Considering the unlimited number of messages and notifications generated by these devices, the problem of congestion occurs in CoAP communications. In this context, to fulfill successfully the need of transactions and succeed to handle reliably unicast and multicast communications, CoAP dispose of congestion control mechanisms to manage both unicast and multicast communications. The challenge addressed in this paper consists of designing appropriate congestion control mechanisms for CoAP that ensures a secure network operation while keeping the utilization of network resources efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, we shed the light on congestion control algorithms used to manage unicast and multicast communications CoAP based; we present a critical analysis of its performances and highlight some of its shortcomings and pitfalls. We combine and put forward two of our proposed adaptive algorithms of congestion control based on network conditions in both unicast and multicast communications. http://ijaers.com/detail/congestion-control-in-unicast-and-multicast-coap-based-communications/ Fathia Ouakasse, Said Rakrak http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/18IJAERS-1020213-Congestion.pdf Pregnancy-specific hypertensive disease (DHEG) is characterized by the symptomatic triad of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema in pregnant women with normal blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The aim of the research was to analyze the literature at 20-year intervals that talk about the disease. The methodology is a comprehensive review that focuses on the investigation, description and analysis of scientific results published in major nursing journals on the subject of nursing between 2000 and 2021. Results: Hypertension syndrome during pregnancy is an important complication of pregnancy it is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and death, especially in developing countries. Diagnosis can be clinical, laboratory and imaging. Imaging exams are important as they help in tracking them. The confirmation of pre-eclampsia is based on laboratory data from hemolysis, increased rates of TGO, Pyruvic Glutamic Transaminase (TGP) and Lactado Dehydrogenase (LDH) and low platelet count. It is concluded that pregnant women with DHEG are fragile and require great attention from health professionals, as they have a high risk of complications and sometimes need to be transferred to the intensive care unit, taking into account the risks for mothers, fetuses and newborns. http://ijaers.com/detail/pregnancy-specific-hypertensive-disease/ Amanda Carolina Mendes Araújo, Maeli da Silva Antunes, Geice Gabrieli Ribeiro Rocha, Márcia Ramos de Paulo, Gleison Faria http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/19IJAERS-10202111-Pregnancy.pdf The decomposition processes of organic matter also through pathogenic microorganisms resulting in the generation of toxic and leachate gases that, if not effectively managed, can result in serious environmental impacts, contaminating the air, the soil, as well as human health. Workers connected to the collection of urban waste carry out the handling often improperly due to the absence of Personal Protective Equipment, being exposed to various contaminations. This work aims to analyze, in a succinct way, the possible impacts caused on the health of street sweepers, mainly during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study took placefrom the on-site observation of the collection workers in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The analysis of conformity and non-conformity in the use of PPE by street sweepers was based on NR-6/2018 during the monitoring of routes performed during the day and night. It was found that most of the garbage collectors who were working on the collection were not in compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent exposure to occupational risks in the collection activity. http://ijaers.com/detail/risk-analysis-of-waste-collection-workers-in-covid-19-pandemic-period-case-study/ Eduardo Antonio Maia Lins, Adriana da Silva Baltar Maia Lins, Cecília Maria Mota Silva Lins http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/20IJAERS-1020216-Riskanalysis.pdf The main purpose of this study was to discuss the self-medication of elderly patients with neuropsychological syndromes and the discourses that strengthen it, which is done through an integrative review. In alarming circumstances that the World Health Organization (WHO, 1998), recognizes self-medication and self-diagnosis as a serious public health problem due to its consequences. In view of these initial notes, the general objective of this study is to 1) carry out an investigative study of the discourses that supported and influenced the practice of self-medication in Brazil. Our other intentions are 2) to carry out an integrative review of the consequences of self-medication and 3) to carry out a methodological detailing of the studies that supported our research. Some of the results of our research were based on the fact because of the discourses that have strengthened this practice in Brazil since the 2018 post-presidential election. personal and institutional that influenced most people to self-medicate with the so-called Kit Covid, as a way to deny and delegitimize the sovereignty of science. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-exacerbated-increase-in-self-medication-in-brazil-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-the-discourses-that-strengthen-it-an-integrative-review/ Heberth Almeida de Macedo, Richardson Lemos de Oliveira, Wilder Kleber Fernandes de Santana, Lidiane Dias Reis, Cristiane Faria, Vítor Diego de Pontes Simões, Jéssica Ribeiro da Silva, Kelly de Souza Nunes Ribeiro, Daiana Neiva de Paula Correa, Danielle Olimpio Pires da Silva, Rose Procopio Chelucci, Marcelia Alves de Souza Martins, Allan Corrêa Xavier http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/21IJAERS-10202113-Theexacerbated.pdf In this study, equations to calculate breaker height, breaker length, and breaker depth were formulated. The analytical formulations were based on the velocity potential of the solution of the Laplace equation. The substitution of velocity potential to weighted kinematic free surface boundary condition yielded equation for wave amplitude function. The dispersion equation was obtained by substituting the velocity potential and wave amplitude function into the weighted momentum Euler equation. The relation between breaker height and breaker wavenumber is extracted from the wave amplitude function. The breaker wavenumber equation was obtained by substituting this relation into the dispersion equation. Furthermore, the breaker depth equation obtained was put to the wavenumber conservation equation with the variables of breaker height and breaker wavenumber. The breaker wave amplitude equation, the breaker wavenumber equation, and the breaker depth equation are simple equations that are very easy to use. http://ijaers.com/detail/analytical-formulation-of-breaker-equations/ Syawaluddin Hutahaean http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/22IJAERS-10202110-Analytical.pdf The data connection between machines and people is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things, boosting productivity in healthcare, manufacturing, logistics and smart cities. However, in the case of agribusiness, projections indicate a lower diffusion of these technologies, mainly due to the difficulty of their access by rural producers, especially in cases of smaller scale production. For rural producers who have access to this type of technology, there may be a difficulty in the usability of existing IoT applications, that is, users in the rural context may not feel familiar with the available graphical interfaces and end up not using the applications. This work aims to propose a data management architecture based on the IoT paradigm for small producers in the poultry sector, presenting a mapping of needs and priorities among stakeholders. As a result, an IoT architecture model in three layers was proposed, being the physical layer, the software layer and the data analytic layer. It is concluded that with the use of this tool, small producers will be able to make better decisions, identify poor performance and act quickly, economically, simply and ergonomically in meeting the requirements of international competitiveness, when compared to other producers in the same region. http://ijaers.com/detail/conceptual-model-of-iot-architecture-for-poultry-farming/ Lucas José de Souza, Marcio Rodrigo Santos, Egon Walter Wildauer http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/23IJAERS-10202123-Conceptualmodel.pdf The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of accounting in the context of outsourcing management. Hotel outsourcing management issues have received some attention in professional-oriented periodicals (for example, Hotel and Motel Management, Lodging Hospitality), and some interest has been expressed by hospitality researchers (Hameed & Anwar, 2018). According to Anwar & Balcioglu, (2016), the importance of service industries is increasing, with the hotel and tourist sectors, in particular, being identified as interesting areas for future investigation. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors affecting hotel performance in Kurdistan and particularly in Erbil. A quantitative method used to analyse the present research. The sampling method used in this study was random sampling technique. The study was carried in Erbil. The researcher distributed 100 questionnaires, only 71 questionnaires were received and being completed properly. The results revealed that there is positive relationship between competition and hotel performance, there is positive relationship between size of hotel and hotel performance, there is positive relationship between level of quality and hotel performance, and finally the value B = .926 which is higher than 0.01, accordingly the result revealed that there is positive relationship between supply & demand factor and hotel performance. In terms of future study, given the wide range of operational tasks carried out in hotels, it would appear that the industry would provide an excellent setting in which to conduct future studies on differences in outsourcing contracts and different organizational structures utilized. http://ijaers.com/detail/management-of-outsourcing-and-its-relationship-with-hotels-performance-an-empirical-analysis-of-selected-hotels-in-erbil/ Pshdar Abdalla Hamza, Hawkar Anwar Hamad, Khowanas Saeed Qader, Bayar Gardi, Dr. Govand Anwar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/24IJAERS-10202138-Managementof.pdf The textile sector is currently the second-largest employer in Brazil, corresponding to 1.5 million direct employees. Due to the high international competition from countries with different production conditions, the Brazilian textile industry has been going through a period of economic difficulty aggravated by the COVID pandemic. Case study and action research were the methodologies applied for this study. We analyzed the impact of one specific enterprise that implemented B2C in the textile sector. We found that changing the indirect sales channel to direct sales using the marketplace proved to be an effective strategy in improving the margins and the sale obtained, thus offering better profitability conditions and an exciting alternative to gain a competitive advantage and improve sales growth. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-implementation-of-e-commerce-in-a-medium-sized-brazilian-textile-company-a-case-study/ Orlando Bufelli Netto, Edgard Monforte Merlo, Jean-Fabrice Lebraty, Amaury Patrick Gremaud http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/25IJAERS-10202126-Theimplementation.pdf In certain industrial applications it is important to characterize quickly the elastic and mechanical properties of metals. However, these measurements are usually carried out by means of mechanical tests, which demand time and samples destruction. Ultrasonic testing is a non-destructive and alternative method, which can be used to measure the elastic and mechanical properties of metals with relatively accuracy. In this study, the transmission ultrasonic technique was used to characterize a 1020 carbon steel bar. The results obtained were compared with reference values found in the literature, attesting the feasibility of a fast and low cost method to investigate low carbon steels. http://ijaers.com/detail/characterization-of-the-elastic-and-mechanical-properties-of-1020-steel-with-the-ultrasonic-transparency-technique/ Álvaro Barbosa de Carvalho Júnior, Maurílio José Inácio, Mikaella Pricila Alves Dias, Maria Helena Teles Lopes, Ana Caroline Nery Munoz Carvalho, Samara Guedes Ramos http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/26IJAERS-1020218-Characterization.pdf This study surveyed a total of 15 farmers from the Association of Organic Producers and Producers of the São Francisco Valley (APROVASF), to investigate what motivates or motivated the adhesion of these farmers to the organic production system and what were the problems encountered in maintaining the activity. It is noteworthy that the main difficulties reported were phytosanitary management, production of internal inputs, keeping the records and controls required for organic certification and maintenance of updated organic activity. Thus, it is necessary the promotion and strengthening of public policies that enable the conversion of their agricultural activities and the building of sustainable agroecosystems. http://ijaers.com/detail/experiences-in-organic-agriculture-how-to-stimulate-a-transition-to-agroecologically-based-agricultural-systems/ Nathália Maria Laranjeira Barbosa, Luciano Sérgio Ventin Bomfim, Edonilce da Rocha Barros, Luiz Ernesto Laranjeira-Barbosa, Cristiane Domingos da Paz, Jairton Fraga Araújo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/27IJAERS-10202122-Experiences.pdf As objective, Bafut is a tribe that migrated as far back in the Seventieth Century from the Northern part of Cameroon via the Eastern Grassfields to Bamenda, found in the Western Grassfields today, North West Region of Cameroon. Actually, the Objective of this article seeks to show and explain some number of cultural dancing groups which among them is the Mbinfo’o known as the Fon dance that is always performed in an annual festival that comes up at the end of every year. More so, in the kingdom palace is found another dance called the Mandele dance usually performed and reserved just for the prince and princesses of the Village. Due to some changes these dances has experience evolutionary mutations thus giving their full flesh substances that has been admired internally and internationally hence bringing some advantages into the country and the society or tribe. As method, to better bring out this cultural heritage history, we concentrate very much on oral, and written sources that could best expound on these two mention dances. Also, it will be vital for us to say or give as result that, these dances have, as among, the several advantages, shown that the existed an interrelationship advantage as far as cultural festivals are concern in the Grassfields political, economic and socio-cultural domains and derived or has as importance to the entire country and the tribe itself. In this article it should be noted that some names of items and places has been spelled differently but all meaning the same. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-abin-fo-o-and-the-mandele-dances-in-the-bafut-kingdom-some-vital-issues-presented-in-cultural-festival-activities-and-its-evolution-and-benefits-from-their-onset-to-the-twenty-first-century/ Suh Hillary Sama http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/28IJAERS-09202146-TheAbin.pdf This study was carried out in the second semester of 2017 as an investigative activity of the discipline “Human Sexuality” in the Psychology Course of the Federal University of Rondônia, with field research carried out in the city of Porto Velho. This article presents a descriptive study on some types of sexual perversions also called paraphilias. A survey study was conductedwith semi-structured interviews with two subjects. Paraphilias are sexual attitudes different from those accepted by society, that is, they are forms of pleasure displaced to objects that are not very common from a sociocultural point of view. Paraphilic people only obtain full sexual pleasure when in the presence of the directed object or in the different way of treating and / or being treated like masochism and sadism. They present themselves in various ways, as well as the selective choice of their peers, eating / manipulating certain things, observing, smelling among others. Here we will deal with some approaches on masochism, sadism, voyeurism and other paraphilias. In the field research, two participants were interviewed, Participant I was male and 22 years old and Participant II was female, 24 years old. The answers obtained in the interviews are interspersed in the various items and pointed to a reality in which the subjects manifest themselves as inserted in certain types of paraphilia. What is evident is the fact that all paraphilias, although considered as "something unusual", integrate different types of human behavior whose direct interest is in the pursuit of sexual pleasure. http://ijaers.com/detail/human-sexuality-a-report-on-paraphilias-and-the-reality-of-sexual-behavior-in-porto-velho-rond-nia-brazil/ Leonardo Severo da Luz Neto, Ameida Andrade Casseb, José Arilson de Souza, Ana Letícia Guimarães Souza Lima, Elifal José Mojalott Kallid, Luiz Fellipe de Souza Arteaga, Sidinara da Silva Sóris, Walcir Dione da Silva Ribeiro http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/29IJAERS-02202154-Human.pdf In this paper, the concept related to the music connections is presented. It concerns a detailed analysis of the creative processes related to music composition. An innovative geometrical-based approach aimed to trace, analyze and understand the melodic and harmonic music processes has been introduced. In particular, the connections graph representing the geometry of the harmonic space which includes all the potential music paradigms and sonorities is presented. This diagram allows to map and analyze the human composition processes by observing its geometric superposed trajectories. An interactive software application tool (via hardware connected to the instrument of each musician) has been made in order to determine and handle the melodic and harmonic connections. The present application can be employed to view and analyze the music transient passages along with a song or improvisation through geometrical figures. The present application provides a real-time view of the flow of sound pathways through the music network which is constantly expanding. Its shape and size depend on the musician’s subjective knowledge. http://ijaers.com/detail/the-flow-of-sound-pathways-through-the-music-network-introduction-and-analysis-of-music-connections/ Stefano Morchio http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/30IJAERS-10202112-Theflow.pdf The study presents the structure and processes aimed at implementing ethics, integrity and combating corruption and fraud in the organizational environment through integrity/compliance programs. This structure reflects a series of mechanisms that promote business continuity with a focus on concepts linked to the socio-economic sustainability of organizations. Conceptually, the work is supported by the bibliographical review of the concepts elaborated in the academy and main normatives woven in the national and international scopes throughout history. This is an exploratory descriptive research, in which organizations in the hotel industry in the city of Foz do Iguaçu – PR were surveyed about the degree of maturity of the mechanisms contained in these programs in their operations. As a result, it is observed that the theme is already on the corporate governance agenda of these organizations, demonstrating a high degree of engagement with the concepts discussed. It was possible to conclude among the organizations observed that the main business activity in the municipality is already aligning its processes with the best practices explained, however, with some development gaps identified according to the methodology applied. http://ijaers.com/detail/integrity-compliance-programs-development-of-the-structure-of-the-hotel-network-in-foz-do-igua-u-pr/ Ms. Gustavo Novelli Ferreira, Dr. Ronaldo do Nascimento Carvalho, Dr. Valeska R. S. Marques http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/31IJAERS-1020219-Integrity.pdf The boundary value problems of fractional differential equations involving Caputo derivatives are examined in this article. The ultimate goal of our study is to institute the existence and uniqueness properties for our boundary problems with nonlocal and integral boundary conditions by applying the Banach and the Schaefer’s theorems of fixed point. We finally discuss two applicable questions to enhance the comprehension of our outcomes and conclude by summarizing our results and giving vital suggestions for further research works in relation to our study. http://ijaers.com/detail/boundary-value-problems-of-fractional-differential-equations-with-nonlocal-and-integral-boundary-conditions/ John Fiifi Essel, Lingling Zhang, Emmanuel Addai http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/32IJAERS-07202167-Boundaryvalue.pdf Biofuels have become a global interest for many private and public investors, since, in several European countries, bioenergy is considered a part of the energy matrix. However, South America is entering the same path, promoting, and applying policies to produce liquid and gaseous biofuels, so that they are developed in a more environmentally friendly way, have a social impact, and are economically sustainable. It could represent a strategic opportunity for the development of the entire southern continent’s energy matrix, in addition to the fact that biofuels can be an ally in the fight against climate change and stimulate economic development, reducing rural poverty and promoting more integrated and efficient agricultural systems. This work aims to demonstrate the existence of bioenergy in South America, its state of the art in the countries, updated information, production, use of biofuels, and showing the policies applied throughout these years, to provide an information base. http://ijaers.com/detail/bioenergy-in-south-america-directions-and-challenges-for-biofuels/ Shirley Carla Chamby Espejo, Glenda Rodrigues de Sousa Gaio, Caroline da Costa Silva Gonçalves, Andréia Cristina Furtado http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/33IJAERS-1020214-Bioenergy.pdf Risk management involves a set of structured methods in order to face adverse risks in a planned and systemic way. In general, risk management adds value to the processes and their practices are being consolidated by organizations, no longer an issue only addressed by insurance companies and financial institutions. Nowadays, with the growing evolution of the different aspects that make up an organization, the systemic approach of these factors is considered as the path to reduce and mitigate risks to acceptable levels, raising the equipment safety to admissible parameters. This monograph presents a study of operational risk management through a method called What if, which can be applied as a guiding guide in the identification, analysis and management of risks. Bringing as a result a clear and objective communication about the necessary actions to make them risks acceptable to the organization. http://ijaers.com/detail/risk-management-applied-to-organizational-strategy-a-case-study-applied-to-a-continuous-billet-forming-machine/ Cleginaldo Pereira de Carvalho, Rosane Leite Antunes http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/34IJAERS-10202129-RiskManagement.pdf A substance property as an acid or a base is determined in terms of quantity of pH. It makes use of various tools ranging from simple litmus paper to the sophisticated benchtop pH meter. Natural indicators on the other hand are utilized as an alternative to synthetic acid-base indicators. This paper relates to the preparation of natural indicator from Phyllanthus fruit containing anthocyanin, and the establishment of its effectiveness. The experimental method of this study is composed of the preparation of raw materials, standardization of solutions, calibration, testing for effectiveness, and development of a color chart. The developed pH indicator consists of Phyllanthus fruit, water, and ethanol. The process of producing the pH indicator comprises of the following steps: collecting; washing; weighing; crushing; mixing with water; boiling the mixture; filtering; cooling down; mixing with ethanol; soaking; and drying. The calibration of the indicator involves different solutions with pH 0 to 14 to come up with a color chart. This serves as a reference in the effectiveness test. Treatment 2 of the indicator produced a distinctive color that is comparable to the existing pH measurement tool. This finding indicates that the pH indicator from Phyllanthus fruit consisting of a 1:1 ratio of fruit to water, and a 1:1.5 ratio of the mixture to ethanol can be a cheaper alternative tool in measuring pH that can be used in laboratory testing, as instructional material, and in the household. http://ijaers.com/detail/phyllanthus-phyllanthus-multiflorus-willd-fruit-as-natural-ph-indicator/ Princess Lydia S Fuentes, Jocelyn S Legaspi, Veronica E Albaladejo http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/35IJAERS-10202117-Phyllanthus.pdf This study aimed to understand the role of pharmaceutical assistance in a basic health unit in Montanha/ES within the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was developed through an exploratory research, qualitative and descriptive in nature, having as a sample professionals working in Pharmaceutical Assistance (FA) in a Basic Health Unit in Mountain/ES. The results indicated that participants felt that providing care during the pandemic was challenging but rewarding. It was necessary to develop new skills related to PA, primary care and health care. Other skills mentioned by participants include remote communication, time management, resilience and the ability to work under pressure. It is concluded that pharmacists have adapted their existing functions and implemented innovations to existing work practices in order to face the challenges presented by COVID-19. Thus, it is clear that they faced the pandemic to the best of their abilities to ensure that Pharmaceutical Assistance services were uninterrupted as much as possible in times of critical need. misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the development of reliable and reliable pandemic-specific information resources for the general public. http://ijaers.com/detail/medical-and-pharmaceutical-assistance-in-a-basic-health-unit-in-the-municipality-of-mountain-es-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Thalita Gonçalves Campos de Abreu, Eliseu Bomfá Santos Junior, Enrico Lopes Campos de Abreu, Elisandra Gonçalves Campos de Abreu, Juscélio Clemente de Abreu, Leonardo Santos Mariano, Ivanete Gonçalves de Souza, Daniel Rodrigues Silva http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/36IJAERS-10202125-Medical.pdf In 2019, China's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, responsible for respiratory infections and a series of pneumonia cases in Wuhan (China). Such an outbreak eventually turned into a pandemic. This study aims to comparatively analyze the cases of Covid-19 in the world according to their population base and human development index (HDI). Methodology: 189 countries were analyzed, verifying data such as HDI, population, number of deaths per Covid-19, the death rate per 1000 inhabitants, the death rate per 1000 cases, and the number of patients retrieved. Conclusion: Countries with the highest HDI recorded the highest number of deaths and cases. However, they had the highest number of recovered patients and the lowest death rates per 1000 cases. http://ijaers.com/detail/comparative-analysis-of-covid-19-cases-in-the-world-according-to-their-human-development-index-hdi/ Cristianne Confessor Castilho Lopes, Tulio Gamio Dias, Ana Paula de Oliveira Barbosa, Eduardo Barbosa Lopes, Lucas Castilho Lopes, Vanessa da Silva Barros, Laisa Zanatta, João Vitor Freitas Bertuci, Daniela dos Santos, Marilda Morais da Costa, Eliana Rezende Adami, Liamara Basso Dala Costa, Fabio KoppVanuzzi, Heliude de Quadros e Silva, Youssef Elias Ammar http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/37IJAERS-10202127-Comparative.pdf Dermatophytosis are fungal infection that involve only superficial keratinized tissue of the body, skin, hair and nails. Out of the 1000 cultured samples on Sabroud dextrose agar, 320(32%) isolates of dermatophytes were isolated. Susceptibility testing was performed using sterilized discs (6mm) prepared from whatman No. 1 filter paper, impregnated with different concentrations (25mg, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg) of terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and griseofulvin dissolved in 2% dimethylsuphuroxide (DMSO).These dermatophytes tested were susceptible to the five antifungal drugs used. The MIC of the quality control strains was within established ranges. However no resistance was recorded among the isolates. The isolates were less susceptible to griseofulvin and fluconazole with MICs ranging from 0.1 – 4.00 and 0.007 – 0.500ug/ml respectively. The MIC range for them respectively is between 0.06 – 0.125ug/ml for griseofulvin and 4.0 – 16.0ug/ml for fluconazole. Most dermatophytes 320(32%) were susceptible to terbinafine, since the MIC range was between 4.0 – 16.0 ug/ml. The study showed that there is no abuse of antifungal drugs in this area whose samples were used for the study. http://ijaers.com/detail/antifungal-susceptibility-pattern-against-dermatophytic-strains-isolated-from-humans-in-anambra-state-nigeria/ Nwanneamaka Samuel Nwankpa, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo, Nneka Regina Agbakoba, Bright Chukwuebuka Unaeze, Uchechukwu Collins Obi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/38IJAERS-09202142-Antifungal.pdf Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming, when used in an Excel programming environment, is an important tool in determining inventory classification risks, as well as an excellent option in view of the current situation of scarcity of classification optimization assessment. inventory risks. This work aims to contribute to the development of programming for an application in VBA - Excel, with the ability to classify inventory risks, capable of delivering data and assertive responses, according to the concepts established within the organization. To achieve this objective, a field research was carried out with small and medium-sized companies in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. The research is classified as experimental, allowing the achievement of qualitative type results. The use of the proposed tools will be available to academic circles and the result of the study will be used to improve the quality of information and data speed, whenever necessary, for management decision-making. It is also expected that this research will contribute to foster discussion about the proposed theme and serve as a technical-theoretical framework for practical application for users and programmers in Solver and VBA tools. http://ijaers.com/detail/methodology-for-inventory-risk-analysis-and-management-using-excel-and-visual-basic-modeling/ Aurélio Paulo Leandro, Simone da Silva, Manoel Henrique Reis Nascimento http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/39IJAERS-10202132-Methodology.pdf The current global outlook, created by the coronavirus pandemic, has brought an adverse situation for education in most countries. This exceptionality, consequently, also imposed new challenges to students with disabilities. Thus, the present study sought to identify the institutional actions developed by the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) in order to guarantee the inclusion of the target audience of Special Education in the context of the Emergency Remote Education (ERE) adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through a bibliographic survey, document analysis, and institutional actions published in the news on the UFMA Portal from March 2020 to July 2021. The findings of this study signal that, despite hundreds of acts developed in favor of non-presence education, few contained actions aimed at the inclusion of students with disabilities. http://ijaers.com/detail/inclusion-of-disabled-students-at-the-federal-university-of-maranh-o-in-times-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/ Marcella Arraes Castelo Branco, Thelma Helena Costa Chahini http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/40IJAERS-10202130-Inclusionof.pdf Contraceptive methods are directly related to women's health and, consequently, involve family planning issues and a whole process of social awareness. This work aims to carry out a bibliographical survey about the comparison between contraceptive methods; explain the classification between contraceptive methods; demonstrate the importance of consciously choosing the method that best suits individual needs; assess drug interactions between contraceptives and antibiotics; elucidate the importance of family planning and contraception. For the preparation of this article, the Integrative Review was used as a methodological tool in order to systematize and theoretically support this research from literature related to the proposed theme. Problems such as the proper choice of contraceptive method, unwanted pregnancies, STI's, family planning, awareness about the use of contraceptive methods and drug interactions were discussed throughout the article. The ideal is that dual protection (condom and contraceptive) be used in all sexual relations, thus contributing to increasingly minimize the rates of STI's and HIV/AIDS. It is necessary that there is greater discussion and dissemination in society in regarding the different types of contraceptive methods and the correct way to use them, as well as possible consequences of their absence, possible health risks and benefits. awareness about the use of contraceptive methods and drug interactions with them. The ideal is that dual protection (condom and contraceptive) be used in all sexual relations, thus contributing to increasingly minimize the rates of STI's and HIV/AIDS. It is necessary that there is greater discussion and dissemination in society in regarding the different types of contraceptive methods and the correct way to use them, as well as possible consequences of their absence, possible health risks and benefits. awareness about the use of contraceptive methods and drug interactions with them. The ideal is that dual protection (condom and contraceptive) be used in all sexual relations, thus contributing to increasingly minimize the rates of STI's and HIV/AIDS. It is necessary that there is greater discussion and dissemination in society in regarding the different types of contraceptive methods and the correct way to use them, as well as possible consequences of their absence, possible health risks and benefits. http://ijaers.com/detail/comparison-between-different-contraceptive-methods/ Stefane Cruz Marques, Ythallo Montenegro Avelino Tinel, Daniel Guimarães Videres, Luiz Henrique gomes dos Santos, Juliana Azevedo da Paixão http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/41IJAERS-10202139-Comparison.pdf