http://ijaers.com/ Open Access international Journal to publish research paper en-us Wetlands in the Atlantique Department play a fundamental role in the functioning of both environmental and socio-economic systems. However, they are increasingly exposed to hydro-climatic extremes, particularly floods and droughts, exacerbated by climate change and anthropogenic pressures. This study aims to analyze the vulnerability of wetlands in response to hydro-climatic extremes in the Atlantique Department. The methodology is based on the analysis of hydro-climatic data (1958–2023), the use of climate anomaly indices, diachronic analysis of land use/land cover change, and the PEIR (Pressure–State–Impact–Response) framework. The results reveal marked climate variability, characterized by alternating deficit and surplus periods, along with a rising trend in temperatures. Annual precipitation ranges between 1100 and 1340 mm, with mean temperatures of 26.5–26.7 °C, indicating a high exposure to flood and drought risks, with more than 35 % of the territory classified as high-risk zones. These dynamics, combined with 99 % of pressures of anthropogenic origin (urbanization, agricultural pollution, fragmentation of lowlands, etc.), lead to rapid ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. In light of this situation, the implementation of integrated and sustainable management strategies is essential to enhance the resilience of wetlands to hydro-climatic extremes. http://ijaers.com/detail/vulnerability-of-wetlands-to-hydroclimatic-extremes-in-the-department-of-atlantique-in-southern-benin/ Géo Warren Pédro Dossou Assogba, Rafiatou Bamisso, Ibouraïma Yabi http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/1IJAERS-0820262-Vulnerability.pdf This study evaluated the correlation between the nondestructive index of absorbance difference (IAD), obtained via DA-Meter, and conventional destructive quality attributes to determine the ripening of 'Fuji Suprema' apples in subtropical Brazil. During the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons, trials investigated several harvest parameters—including orchard row, tree face, height of fruit collection, days after full bloom (DAFB), and sunlight exposure—against attributes like skin color, flesh firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, starch index, and seed color. The results showed that the DA-Meter effectively monitors ripening evolution and establishes harvest onset. Ripening monitoring should begin between 142 and 147 DAFB, with readings taken strictly on the sunlit side of the fruit. Ultimately, the strong correlation between IAD and both flesh firmness and soluble solids content demonstrates that this nondestructive index can successfully replace traditional destructive evaluations for apple maturation assessment. http://ijaers.com/detail/nondestructive-analyses-in-monitoring-the-ripening-progress-of-apple-fruit-grown-in-subtropical-areas/ Lucimara Rogeria Antoniolli, Elenilson Godoy Alves Filho, Leo Rufato, Luciano Gebler http://ijaers.com/uploads/issue_files/2IJAERS-08202612-Nondestructive.pdf