A Review and an Approach of Water Pollution Indication using Arduino Uno

Drinking water is critical for the wellbeing and prosperity of all people and creatures because water play major role in all living beings and most danger disease are caused by water and it is our duty to provide clean and safe water and also to monitor the pollution level in water it is additionally essential for farming utilization for good product yielding and natural way of life linkage wellbeing issues. With over 200 children dying per day due to unsafe water, drinking water crisis is ranked one on the global risk by World Economic Forum, 2015. This paper presents an easy and comprehensive methodology is microcontroller sensor based system continuous observing and pollution recognition for both drinking and non-drinking water dissemination frameworks and in addition for customer locales.


I. INTRODUCTION
Clean drinking water is critical resource, important for the health and well-being of all humans. several experimental studies indicate need for continues online water monitoring efficient patio-temporal resolution and demonstrate that the conventional reagent-based water quality methods fail to satisfy this requirements due to higher labor and operational cost it is critical for accurate real-time water quality observing frameworks than the current lab based techniques, which are too ease back to create operational reaction and don't give a level of general wellbeing security continuously conventional strategies for water quality checking and control include the manual accumulation of water test at different areas and at diverse time trailed by research centre scientific procedures keeping in mind the end goal to portray the water quality the main conclusion was that many of the chemical and biological contaminants used have an effort on many water parameters monitored including Turbidity (TU), oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP),Electrical conductivity(EC) and Ph. Thus it is easy to monitor and infer the water quality by detecting the changes in such parameters.

Necessity of Water Monitoring
In the 21st century, there were lots of inventions, but at the same time were pollutions, global warming and so on are being formed, because of this there is no safe drinking water for the world's pollution. Nowadays, water quality monitoring in real time faces challenges because of global warming limited water resources, growing population, etc. Hence there is need of developing better methodologies to monitor the water quality parameters in real time.

II. LITERARURE REVIEW
This chapter presents the critical analysis of existing literature which is relevant to water Pollution Indicator using Arduino Uno. Though, the literature consists of a lot many research contributions, but, here, we have analyzed around eight research and review papers. The existing approaches are categorized based on the basic concepts involved in the mechanisms. The emphasis is on the concepts used by the concerned authors, the database used for experimentations and the performance evaluation parameters. Their claims are also highlighted. Finally, the findings are summarized related to the studied and analyzed research papers. Chapter concludes with the motivation behind identified problem.

III. PROBLEM FORMULATION
This chapter presents the formulation of the identified problem, which base representation of Water Pollution Indicator using Arduino Uno. All the Reviews on theoretical approaches involving the same common terminology. In the earlier system there was various sensors are use such as flow sensor, pH sensor, and the Wi-Fi module which makes it more expensive but with the less features such as no ORP sensor, no detection of salts present in the water. To overcome these drawbacks we are introducing new sensors in the earlier mechanism. To use the system more efficiently and to get more parameters from the water to identify the problem regarding to water Pollution and to apply control measures the system were introduced.

IV. COMPONENTS USED
This chapter is subdivided into 6 sections wherein the report presents the detailed working of automatic overhead water tank cleaning system that is incorporated in our work along with our approach. Section 4.1 includes the information about the main components used in the project. The platform use for the programming and the hardware use is in point 4.2. Working of system is explained in Section 4.3 with the aid of flowchart. Our proposed approach is introduced in Section 4.4 provides detailed working of the proposed approach.

MAIN COMPONENTS:
A) pH Sensor : The pH of a solution is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of that solution. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale whose range is from 0-14 with a neutral point being 7. Values above 7 indicate a basic or alkaline solution and  Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water. Turbidity has indicated the degree at which the water loses its transparency. It is considered as a good measure of the quality of water. Turbidity blocks out the light needed by submerged aquatic vegetation. It also can raise surface water temperatures above normal because suspended particles near the surface facilitate the absorption of heat from sunlight.   or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often utilized in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power. Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. The surfaces of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction. This treatment typically consists of a thin polymer layer that is unidirectional rubbed using, for example, a cloth. The direction of the liquid crystal alignment is then defined by the direction of rubbing.

ARDUINO UNO:
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. The board has the following new features: pin out: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that uses the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin that is reserved for future purposes. versions sensors. Sensors are connected to Arduino UNO board for monitoring, ADC will convert the corresponding sensor reading to its digital value and from that value the corresponding environmental parameter will be evaluated. After sensing the data from different sensor devices, which are placed in particular area of interest. The sensed data will be shown on the display.

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
This chapter presents the conclusions drawn from the evaluation and comparison of experimental results. The chapter concludes with future scope.

Conclusion:
Monitoring of Turbidity, PH & Temperature of Water makes use of water detection sensor with unique advantage. The system can monitor water quality automatically, and it is low in cost and does not require people on duty. So the water quality testing is likely to be more economical, convenient and fast. The system has good flexibility. Only by replacing the corresponding sensors and changing the relevant software programs, this system can be used to monitor other water quality parameters. The operation is simple. The system can be expanded to monitor hydrologic, air pollution, industrial and agricultural production and so on. It has widespread application and extension value. By keeping the embedded devices in the environment for monitoring enables self protection (i.e., smart environment) to the environment. To implement this need to deploy the sensor devices in the environment for collecting the data and analysis. By deploying sensor devices in the environment, we can bring the environment into real life i.e. it can interact with other objects through the network. Then the collected data and analysis results will be available to the end user through the Wi-Fi. Future Scope:  In future we use IOT concept can be used  Detecting the more parameters for most secure purpose  Increase the parameters by addition of multiple sensors  By interfacing relay we control the supply of water