Proposal for a technology vigilance system for a Technology License Office

To search for new technologies and to map new scientific and technological developments capable of significantly influencing a scientific and technological institution, is the main role of technological prospecting. Technological prospecting can be a useful tool for the provision of subsidies to finance R&D activities. In this context, using technological prospecting techniques in a Technology License Office is relevant to leverage R&D&I activities in an institution. Thus, the purpose of this task is to present a proposal for the application of technological prospection tools to a Technology License Office, to support R&D&I activities. This task was conducted through bibliographic research and observation of activities. After the studies, it was verified that for technological prospection, different methods should be used, since prospecting technology requires systemic vision, through monitoring, forecasting and future vision, guiding the decision making relevant to the positioning of R&D teams in conducting their research.

, an organization's capacity for innovation is not only a differential, but an essential factor for its survival. Thus, for Bruno-Faria and Fonseca (2014), innovation has become a goal for different types of organization, that is, in each reality, aspects must be observed to the purpose of fostering it or to eliminate the barriers that may hinder -over there. This context, according to Pope, Annandale and Morrison-Sauders (2004) and Wilkins (2003), presents new challenges for organizations, which present themselves in a more complex way and require greater speed for their treatment and management. Brasil (2005) defines that technological innovation is the conception of a new product or process of manufacture, as well as the aggregation of new functionalities or characteristics to the product or process, which implies in incremental improvements and in the effective gain of quality or productivity, resulting in greater competitiveness in the market. For the OCDE (2003), technological innovation activities are the set of scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial steps, including investments in new knowledge, which lead to or try to lead to the implementation of new or improved products and processes.  (2011), innovation is essential for improving the performance of an organization, and concerns the outcome of an organization's ability to articulate its specific sets of resources, competencies, and the interactions and relationships among the various actors impact of the organization's activities, in order to constitute a strategic mechanism, with the objective of achieving superior performance, creating a sustainable competitive advantage, and thus, generating added value and growth of the organization, besides remaining competitive in the market, which is constantly changing, and, ultimately, to promote economic development.  (2003) argue that there is an important relationship between strategy and innovation, and the effective innovation involves changes in the strategies, tactics and operational actions of the organization, that is, the alignment of innovation practices with organizational strategies. If the organization does not view innovation as a preponderant factor and does not have a well-defined strategy, it will not be able to efficiently and effectively manage all the factors involved in promoting innovation. In a dynamic environment and surrounded by complex systems, such as the environment of action of the Scientific and Technological Institutions (ICT), a tool that can help in the direction of Research and Development (R & D) strategies is Technological Prospecting. Technological prospecting can be defined as a systematic means of mapping scientific and technological developments that can significantly influence an organization, an industry, a specific product or process, or the economy or society as a whole. Thus, the purpose of this task is to present a proposal for the application of technological prospecting tools for application in a Technology License Office (TLO), to support the R & D teams of an ICT. Considering that this work was conducted through bibliographic research, patent research, observation of activities and possible comparisons between best practices, this research could be classified as a qualitative, explanatory, deductive and original research. For Godoy (1995), qualitative research is applied when researchers have broad interests that are defined as the research is developed. In this type of approach, the researcher has a particularly important role because he has direct contact with the problem studied and it is through the researcher that the problems are understood and the focus of the research can be altered or adjusted. According to Gil (1991;2008), a research can be classified as explanatory when it aims to deepen the knowledge about a certain reality. According to Gil (1991Gil ( , 2008, the deductive research comprises the analysis that starts from the general and then descends to the particular, that is, deductive reasoning starts from principles considered as true and indisputable to reach conclusions in a purely formal, that is, by virtue of its logic alone. An original scientific research is, according to Cervo et al (2007) and Andrade (2009), of that research that contributes with new conquests for the evolution of knowledge. Also, there was direct and continuous interaction with the TLO members of the ICT studied, as well as with their researchers. In this way, this research can also be considered as applied research, since it allowed to apply knowledge in a practical way. According to Kauark, Manhães and Medeiros (2010), applied research aims to generate knowledge for practical application, directed to the solution of specific problems. And yet, it can be considered as an action research. According to Thiollent Prospecting studies that need this information find in the Intellectual Property system, specifically in the Patents system, a valuable resource, since this system feeds a database that has been growing significantly in the last decades, due to the growing importance patents in the economy.   (2010), the information from the technological prospection are useful to: determine the state of the art or state of the art; identify alternative technologies; locate technological and commercial information that involves specific companies, owners, depositors or inventors; improvement of the quality of patents to be deposited, if this is the focus; identify alternative holders or exchange of technologies; research advancement in the inventive novelty of an invention; identify a member of a patent family; seek the country in which a patent has been deposited; locate the document that is written in a desired language; obtain a list of priority documents or references cited; to estimate the importance of the invention by the number of patents deposited; obtain information on the validity of a patent deposited or granted; patent infringement of third parties.

III. PROPOSAL FOR A TECHNOLOGY VIGILANCE SYSTEM, BASED ON TECHNOLOGICAL PROSPECTING, FOR A TLO
For Kupfer and Tigre (2004), prospecting exercises work as a means to achieve two main objectives: 1) prepare the actors in the industry to seize or face future opportunities or threats; and, 2) unleash a process of building a desirable future. Therefore, according to Jannuzzi et. al (2004), this exercise aims to indicate an agenda and prioritize R & D activities for a given time horizon. For Freire, Guimarães and Jesus (2011), success in the competitive strategy of a given industry also depends on the prospection and monitoring of information about a particular process or technology. Through this prospecting study it is possible to establish a differential
In this way, one of the possible applications for technological prospecting is linked to the possibility of anticipating the technologies that can be applied and / or contributing to the R & D projects of an ICT. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a directive for the application of technological prospecting tools. Reinforcing the above, Freire, Guimarães and Jesus (2011) describe that the marketing and technological monitoring needs to be carefully structured so that it can serve as an identification of new opportunities and signs of change in a given market. Thus, in order to initiate technological prospecting, the technologies to be prospected should be prioritized, giving priority to those with the greatest impact and relevance on ongoing R & D projects, including, but not limited to, problems not yet solved by R & D areas. This prioritization should be done in conjunction with the researchers in the area in question.
After the prioritization of technologies, the search process begins, to identify technologies developed and protected through intellectual property. As previously described, prospecting may be carried out by searching national and international patent databases (example: INPI, USPTO, Sp@cenet, WIPO, among others). This search should be carried out by combining two distinct criteria: keywords and fields of the international patent classification. Keywords describe the technology of interest and the fields of international patent classification indicate the allocation of such technologies. In order, to perform this search, it will be necessary, firstly, to elaborate the search strategies, which begin with the determination of the databases to be used, then, together with other members of the research group, the identification of the keywords, both in Portuguese, and in English for use during searches. Once the searches have been completed, data processing should be carried out to group similar technologies to analyze each technology individually, pointing out its strengths and weaknesses and its stage of development.
In addition to database searches, it will also be necessary, and of great importance, to promote a literature review on the technologies prioritized for prospecting. This review of the literature should point to the state of the art about the technologies used to solve the question or research problem that one wants to reach. After the collection and treatment of the prospecting data, complemented with a review of the literature, it will be possible to evaluate how the prospected technologies can collaborate with the R & D projects, now in progress, that is, it will be possible to identify if there are technologies that can be used or applied to solve problems not yet solved by the research team. Also, it will be possible to indicate the possible improvements to be made in the developed processes or the possible needs of the development of new technologies, or the improvement of the already developed, to incorporate the processes. However, before applying or using the prospected technologies, it is important to assess your maturity level so as not to use technologies that are still mature enough to actually solve the problem. Considering Silva Neto (2015), Jochem, Geers and Heinze (2011)  , without a good mapping of the important forces and events that have determined the past and shape the present, it is impossible to draw good visions of plausible futures, with enough robustness to guide the formulation of strategies. Vision of future without knowledge of the occurrences and past and present occurrences is exercise of divination and fiction, it is magical knowledge. It may even be confirmed, but the way to reach this vision can hardly be incorporated into scientific and managerial methodology.

IV. CONCLUSION
As stated by Chimendes (2011), the leverage of economic and social growth is linked to the role of knowledge and technology in the performance of production, distribution, economy and social performance. Therefore, scientific research, technological development plays a key role in this scenario. Moreover, the importance of technological innovation in economic development was widely studied by Schumpeter (1982) in the first half of the century. Knowing the impact of scientific and technological research and its applications and discussing the results are fundamental to the development of a nation.
In this way, technological prospecting contributes directly to the strengthening of the R & D & I activities of a science and technology institution, and its techniques applied from a TLO, has a significant result in the promotion of research. Aiming to present a study for the application of technological prospecting tools to a TLO innovation, considering that this work was conducted through bibliographical research, observation of activities and possible comparisons, it is understood, finally, that the objective was made effective. It is concluded that "if" the organization does not commit itself to stimulating innovation, it will be in the near future, doomed to failure, since science and technology are really eminent elements for economic and social advancement.