Appliance of Textbook Basic on Process Image of Human Respiratory System against High School Student’s Critical thinking Ability

Study in 21st century having much transformation in science and technology. An effective knowledge is a knowledge that includes student's ability in understanding study subject. Therefore,to support an optimum study process there is a need of a text book. Therefore, Process Image (PI) is a series of pictures/diagrams in a shape of object in an order that have a differences in situation, position, shape and combination in a whole and certain complexity. Study in Biology especially in a main study of human respiratory system is a study that have the most complexity. This happened because the study subject is abstract in a process that can't be seen directly because it is inside human body. Objective of this research is to knowing the effectivity of textbook basic on process image. Human respiratory system processing subject against high school student's ability in criticism. Subject of the research is students in XI Science 3 in Senior High School of Arjasa 2017/2018 academic Period. Data collecting technique is performance test. The results showing that textbook basic on process image on student's ability to critical thinking in a good criteria


INTRODUCTION
Progress in science and technology require human skill, one of the methods is using a good textbook. Basic on the research results of 10 Senior High School in Jember (5 school in Jember regency and 5 school in Jember City) that textbook with much sentences doesn't support them to train and develop thinking analyzing skill. This result is supporting Tania et al., (2015) statement, that ever textbook existed is not good enough to support students study activity.
Lack of thinking skill is shown by a low score on student's study result. This can be seen from the average score from Jember Regency and Bondowoso Regency (5 schools from Jember Regency and 5 schools from Bondowoso Regency) in the human respiratory system subject academic year 2016/2017 the score is 56,6 or below the minimum score of 80. Lack of processing and thinking skill caused by student and teachers that too much rely on subject presentation (Bannert, et al., 2015). Therefore, it is vital that good study activity can improve student's ability to thinking and processing subject.
A good learning activity is an activity that able to teach the student how to use their cognitive ability, so students able to evaluate the methods of their studies as an appliance of high-level thinking ability. Basically, highlevel thinking ability is one of Critical Thinking Ability. Critical Thinking is a directed and clear process that used in mental activity such as analyzing assumption, taking decisions, problem-solving, and doing scientific research (Johnson, 2011: 183). Critical thinking ability can be used by student in analyzing skill and in understanding certain concept in a subject. Ennis (2011) states that, Critical Thinking skill can be used by the student in analyzing, evaluating information, logic thinking, and deciding certain actions. Other than that Critical Thinking can be a tool that stimulates students to think and helps students to get a better study result (Choy and Chech, 2009 student's Critical Thinking Ability is relevant to be applied basic on process image. The process image is series of pictures that visualize certain situation (thing, phenomenon or genesis) through pictures, different phase/series in position, situation, form either its coherent combination and a whole, so it helps the readers understand it (Sutarto: Widita, 2017). Usage of process image help students in analyzing a genesis or problem with more detail because in Process Image there are different phases in a genesis. This caused Process image's role in learning can create student's creativity and interest in understanding such complex concept (Yusmar, 2017). This process image appropriate to use specially in Biology subject that categorized as a difficult subject.
Learning Biology is supposed to be applied with appropriate approach and methods. This is because of many difficult concepts in Biology subject. While learning Biology a teacher is supposed to know that Biology is more than just fact and concept, because in Biology there are compilations of a process and a concept that can be applied also developed in real life. The main subject respiratory system is a subject that has high complexity. This is because the subject is abstract that the all process cannot be directly seen (inside the human body). Human Respiratory System subject is about organ structure, mechanism and also respiration dysfunctional (breathing) that less effective if presented with lecture method and memorizing. The Process Images textbook subject can be interpreted as a medium that used to help students understanding a Biological (genesis, thing, or phenomenon) genesis. Basically, in stimulating student's memory, there is a need for effective hints (Allan et al., 2001). Because of that, with the usage of Process Images textbook, this process can enhance student's critical thinking ability.

II.
METHODOLOGY This kind of research is still a prototype (Research and Development). This research method is a (mixed methods) composed of quality and quantity method. Prototype research is a developing research method that used to design a new product or new procedure, then systematically tested in the field and perfected high quality and effective criteria. The product of this research is Process Image textbook in Senior High School Respiratory System subject. Developing research Biology textbook is using developing model Sugiyono (2011) that composed in phases such as Introduction, Design, and Develop. The research design is performance test of critical thinking ability. Assessment is taken while the student is in study activity with assessment indicator such as analyzing; answering and questioning; consider relevant sources; making hypothesis; definition; and reviewing. This design is used to know the effectiveness of this textbook. Subjects of the research are students in XI SCIENCE 3 in Senior High School of Arjasa, Jember academic period of 2017/2018. Analysing technique that used to know the effectiveness of textbook basic on Process Image against Critical Thinking ability using critical thinking formula (Watson, 2008). Basically textbook basic on Process Image of Human Respiratory System is effective if the minimum critical thinking criteria are "good".Therefore the formula to calculate critical Thinking ability is: Information: Cs = Critical Thinking Score C = Critical Thinking N = Total score Criteria Assessment of Critical Thinking Percentage can be seen in Table 1 Average Critical Thinking Indicator Critical Thinking Category 20 ≤ P < 36 Bad 36 ≤ P < 52 Not Enough 52 ≤ P < 68 Good Enough 68 ≤ P < 84 Good 84 ≤ P ≤100 Vey Good

III. RESULTS
Collecting data method that is used to measure the effectiveness of textbook on process image is performance test. This assessment is executed when students had a study session in class, students are being tested with some indicator such as analyzing, answering and questioning; consider the relevant source; making hypothesis; making definition, and reviewing. Study session in class is done with dividing students into some group, then students are asked to explain Process Images in the book without teacher involvement and make presentation the subject in front of the class.
The result of this research is a quantity and quality data that is analyzed descriptively then interpreted according to the chosen criteria. Based on Table 2. we can notice that the average critical thinking ability of XI SCIENCE 3 against textbook basic on Process Image Human Respiratory System subject is 83,46 % that interpreted as "Good".   Table 2, there is a result that student's Critical Thinking ability is affected by textbook based on Process Image human respiratory system subject. Results of the both class XI SCIENCE 3 aquired in a good criteria with a conclusion that textbook basic on Process Image in human respiratory system subject can enhance student's Critical Thinking ability. Percentage of Student's Critical Thinking ability Histogram can be seen in Table 1.

IV. DISCUSSION
This Research is a research and development method. The objective of this research is to know the effectiveness of textbook basic on process images with human respiratory system against student's critical thinking ability. There is a need for a field test of the effectiveness using Process Images textbook as the main study source.
Measurement in Critical thinking criteria (Performance Test) Students in XI SCIENCE 3 can be seen on Tabel 2 in order 83,46 % with criteria of "good". In measuring critical thinking ability student is tasked to analyzing, answering and questioning, considering the relevant source, making a hypothesis based on a literature, make definition, and reviewing is also affected by learning process that forced them to be able to discuss things in a group and understanding also solved a few problems. Critical thinking measurement is done by measuring process through discussion. This makes student able to reconstruct their knowledge and build a presentation model that used from previous study group from solving problems. This is alike with the statement of Tan et al., (2013) states that discussion in learning can be done with a group of students discussing a natural phenomenon, explaining and propose some possibilities of answers than the problems is presented as a relevant solution. Because of that Process Images study can actually affect student's critical thinking ability. This is alike with Livington (1997) states that high-level thinking ability (critical thinking ability) can be practiced through group discussion, thinking training, and evaluation of behavior.
Critical thinking ability of student has a big connection with intelligent and also processing process image information. Gardner states (Hadywinoto dan Setiabudi. 2003:52) that intellegence is used to solve problems. This means everyone has a different level of intelligence. In learning process, it creates an ability to think critically in the performance of brain to process information. Therefore, students ability to think is stimulated so they can develop their critical thinking ability. In learning Biology specially human respiratory system textbook basic on Process Image, brain have a role to invite students to optimize their brain memory capacity through freeing students to make their own concept, using variations of pictures and attractive colour, and giving the students to give brain a chance to transfer memory to longterm memory saving. This is a like with Craig state (2007) that studies using picture component, colour, writing, and diagram caused brain to be used in different situationin facilitating their ability to critical thinking.
Commonly, brain (cerebrum) composed in two part that called right hemisphere and left hemisphere that connected with corpus callosum (Chambell and Reece, 2008; Kalat, 2010;Pinel, 2009). In left brain have a role in the ability for verbal/writing (verbal), language, logic, math, number, and intelligence. In right brain it's role is responsible for picture, music, global understanding, creativity, and visual (Albrecth, 2013; Corballis, 2014; Long et al., 2012). In the right brain, it has holistic and intuitive cognitive style in the left brain it has analitical and rational cognitive style (Dehaene et al., in Supradewi, 2010). From the explanation above it is important to keep brain having a balance performance. Balance in the right brain (right hemisphere) and left brain (left hemisphere is needed in the learning process. V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS From the results and explanations above we can conclude that textbook basic on Process Images is effective against student's critical thinking ability with a "good" criteria.
From the result of research, researchers suggest for a further research for a greater good this developing research can be done on a large scale, so the textbook effectiveness is undoubted.