A Review on Plastic Moulding Manufacturing Process and Parameters

Keywords— Injection moulding, Parameters, Machining, Quality, Maintenance. Abstract— Injection Mold Design is the process of designing and developing the tools, methods and techniques needed to improve efficiency and productivity. The basic management conditions are learned from conceptual development to product production. The impact of varied factors studied supported processing parameters. Since quality and productivity are two important conflicting goals in any machining process. Quality has got to be somewhat compromised, ensuring high productivity. Similarly, productivity is reduced, but efforts to enhance quality are channelized. to make sure top quality and productivity, it's necessary to optimize the machining parameters. Various reactions of injection molding process quality supported performance parameters and methods are studied. the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the state of the plastic injection molding process. The working conditions are satisfied by the production of a product based on high quality.


INTRODUCTION
Modern-day injection molding tools are often a complex arrangement of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic components that are expected to fulfill many demanding tasks. Whatever the complexity, mold design must specify a device that will work satisfactorily in production. Injection molding is the most commonly used manufacturing process for making plastic parts. A wide variety of products can be made using injection molding, which can vary greatly in their size, complexity, and application. The injection molding machine, raw plastic material, and mold are required for the injection molding process. The plastic is dissolved in the injection molding machine and then injected into the mold, where it cools and freezes at the end.This is one of the process that are greatly preferred in manufacturing industry because it can produce complex-shape plastic products and having good dimensional accuracy with short cycle times typical examples are automobile industry, casings and housings of products such as computer monitor, mobile phone and which has a thin shell feature.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Much research is being done to understand the important factors and design the molding processes. Much of the work over the past decade has been based on: theoretical, computer-based simulation models and practical experimental tests. used the Taguchi method to reduce the variance and sink index. In his study he considered mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, rib cross section and rib layout angle and material PC / ABS, POM, PA66. They found in their research that PC / ABS plastic products, rib cross-sectional pom material plastic production and rib layout angle effect PA66 materials significantly affect plastic production. (Ozcelik et al., 2010) (Rathi, Salunke, 2012)consider the parameters of injection pressure, mold closure speed, mold pressure, rear pressure and short shot defect in the study of the injection molding process. (Raos & Stojsic, 2014)studied the effect of injection speed and injection pressure of two processing parameters on the tensile strength of the plastic molded component. He did his analysis on the polyethylene content in plastics. They showed that injection pressure was an important factor influencing tensile content and that injection speed did not affect tensile strength. (Islam et al., 2013)studied the effect of pressure factors on the tensile strength of metal injection molding material. They found that as the pressure increases, the tensile strength of the molded part of the metal increases. (Li et al., 2007) studied the effects of processing parameters on the presence of weldline by the Taguchi experimental design method. Welders are obtained from the right door of the copy machine built with three gates. Images of mold products are taken with digital cameras. They are considered to be the major factors influencing the strength of the material polypropylene, such as the melting temperature, injection pressure, and injection speed. They showed that injection speed is a major factor in the visibility of weld lines. (P. Zhao et al., 2020)This review introduces methods and strategies on the sensing, optimization, and control of intelligent injection molding and summarizes recent studies in these three areas. (Q. Wang et al., 2019)An experimental work is carried ou to study the effect of the micro injection molding parameters on the product weight in this paper. (Park & Dang, 2017)This work introduces a conformal cooling channels applied in a medium-size injection mold that makes an automotive part. We improved an existent mold in order to reduce the cycle time and improve the quality of molded part. (Chen et al., 2018)This article presents a method of efficiently designing a manufacturing process for injection molding by determining the optimal Pareto Set of control factor settings; here these are the values of the melt temperature, packing time, packing pressure, and cooling time of the molding machine. (Elduque et al., 2018)The importance of deeply analyzing the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process has been discussed in this study.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Most researchers have studied the injection molding process with different process parameters, different materials and different mathematical techniques. Some of them are listed below: Since raw materials are scarce and expensive, and energy costs are also increasing, mold design strategy should reduce costs and reduce resource consumption. Contraction, Warpage, sink marks, and weld lines are the four most challenging defects in the injection mold. In many cases, their formation is inevitable, especially for complex geometric components

IV. CONCLUSION
There is a lot of effort in this area. But some of them have been successful, so this area needs special attention. This is because we know that many errors are caused by processing parameters based on this study. So the production control of processing parameters is necessary for the product. . Based on the above table we find that each researcher focuses mostly on warpage and contraction. They also pay attention to the sink marks. But some researchers pay attention to weld lines and tensile strength. We have found from above that the study of recycling of plastics is necessary for the benefit of the community. It requires environmental friendly, recyclable material identification.
Therefore processing in this area should be done. So in order to increase the production of quality-based plastic products, studies on other process parameters are needed, which should be free of flaws.