A Sustainable analysis of Comparative Genomics to study of Antioxidant Compound

— Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease, present in a major health issue and the financial load for the health care systems and around the world. The impact of these the diseases will be further increase and decrease over the next decades caused by the increasing life expectancies of the health. No cure is currently available for the treatments of the these conditions; only drugs, which are merely alleviate the symptoms. Oxidative stress has been lengthy been associated with a neuro degeneration, whether as a cause or as part of the downstream and upstream results caused by the other factors and other effects. Thus, the use of the antioxidants to the counter cellulars and a oxidative stress and antioxidant within the nervous system has been suggested as a potential treatments option for the neurological disorders. Over the last decade, it has to be significant research has to be the found to be most and focused on the potential use of natural antioxidants to be target oxidative stress. However, clinical trial results have been lacked success for the treatment of the patients with neurological disorders. The knowledge that natural extracts shows other positive molecular activities in addition to the antioxidant activity, however, has led to further research of natural extracts for their potential use as well as prevention or treatment/management of the neurodegenerative diseases. The diversity of the wild mushrooms was a investigated from two protected forest areas in India and 232 mushroom specimens were morphologically identified. Among them, 77 isolates were screened for the antimicrobial potential against seven and bacterial and fungal pathogens. Out of the 77 isolates, 46 isolates which displayed significant antimicrobial activities were identified using ITS rRNA gene amplification and subsequently phylogenetically characterized using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequences repeat (ISSR) markers. Sequencing of the ITS rRNA regions classified the isolates into 16 genera belonging to the 11 families. In total, 11 RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were selected to be the evaluate genetic diversity based on the their banding profile produced. In total 337 RAPD and 312 ISSR bands were to be detected, among which is percentage of the polymorphism ranges from 35.2% to 77.8% and 37.6% to 93.4% by using RAPD and ISSR primers respectively. The report has to be also demonstrated that both RAPD and ISSR could be efficiently differentiate wild mushrooms and it could thus be the considered as the efficient markers for the surveying genetic diversity. Additionally, selected six or more then six wild edible mushroom strains ( Schizophyllum commune BPSM01, Panusgiganteus BPSM27, Pleurotus sp. BPSM34, Lentinus sp. BPSM37, Pleurotusdjamor BPSM41 and Lentinula sp. BPSM45) were a analyzed for the their nutritional (proteins, carbohydrates, fat and ash content), antioxidant potential.


INTRODUCTION
This review aims to be give an refinement on the importance of the oxidative stress and its relevance in the neurodegenerative disease. One or more option for the counteracting of the oxidative stress in the application of the natural and artificial products get from plant extracts. And These have been thoroughly tested in vitro (chemical antioxidant activity and cell systems) and in vivo (animal disease models) and have been be visible are in promising results. However, results from clinical trials studies have been less than successful and other successful. Here, recent research on the natural and artificial extracts, and their a potential pitfalls in the clinical trials, are discussed in the review. Clinical trials have been to the demonstrated that a herb consumptions is to be the inversely related to the incidence of the cardiovascular diseases ( . Dietary antioxidants are able to the attenuate the oxidative stress and counteract to the onset and progression of the cardiovascular diseases. With a human and rat cardiomyocytes, we have proven that crude lentils phenol extract is to be able to the attenuate angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to the reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (Yao, Sun, & Chang, 2010). In animal studies, we have been done demonstrated that administration of the crude lentil phenol extract could substantially reduce aorta ROS level and increase and decrease total phenol content (TPC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in artery serums. Meanwhile, significant alleviation of the angiotensin II-induced hypertension, peripheral vascular remodeling and per vascular fibrosis have also been observed (Xuan et al., 2013; Yao, Sun, & Chang, 2012). amenorrhea is a predominant factor in the development of various cardiovascular diseases and other diseases including atherosclerosis, heart attack and coronary disease and others. With a spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), other researchers also have been proven that phenol extracts from the herb could be reduce blood pressure and suppress inflammatory responses, such as-intracellular ROS level, over expression of the proinflammatory enzymes including iROS, COX-1, generation of O2 − , as well as NADPH oxidizes (Mukai & Sato, 2009, 2011 . However, a direct and indirect comparison of the compositions and relative healths promotion potential of the these phenol rich legume varieties, and then the particularly when they are cooked, it is in not to be available in the literature. Cooking (thermal treatment) is to be the essential for the human consumption since raw and legumes and other contain anti nutritional factors that it is will be cause illness without heating. In a addition, dry legumes are not texturally palatable unless then the they are to be soaked and cooked to the softness of the antioxidant. In addition to be the suppression of the oxidative stress, one or more commonly used in the therapeutic approach to the treat hypertension is in the inhibition of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), which is mediates to the formation of the angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor and the ROS initiator. Various plant extracts and pure phenolics possess ACE inhibitor activity and the ACE inhibition varies a greatly according to the their chemical structures ( . It is the logical to the assume that the processing-induced change in the phenol compositions might affects ACE inhibitor activity, but information regarding of the effect of the thermal processing on the ACE inhibition is not available in the antioxidant. Our previous animals study. (Xuan et al., 2013) with rats revealed that the phenol extracts of the cooked lentil showed lower and higher effectiveness than the raw extracts in the attenuation of the angiogenesis II-induced blood pressure elevation, peripheral vascular remodeling and per vascular fibrosis disease. High phenolics content and compositions in the three legume varieties have been reported in the literature. However, results are to be inconsistent or even opposed due to the differences in the extraction methods and equipment employed for the analysis of the antioxidant. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate and compare to the effects of thermal treatments, purification, and fractionation on the phenolics substances, antioxidant activity, and ACE inhibitions of the three or more legume varieties, and to identify phenolics compounds using UV spectroscopy and LC-MS n analysis. Xylariasp.

BPSM24 KM985661
Trametes elegans (JN048766) 100% Trametes elegans   Vol-7, Issue-2, Feb-2020]  https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.72.40  ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O) expense of acetonitrile, and then the dichloromethane was a kept constant at 10% until the completion of the runs. The flow rate was 1.1 mL/min while the column temperature was 30 °C. The analyses were carried out on a HPLC apparatus equipped with a binary pump, in-line vacuum degasser, auto sampler injector, a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.5 mm × 154 mm, 4 µm particle size), (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) and a 996 diode array detector (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) supported by the Empower chromatography manager computing system (Waters) was used to the detect colored arytenoids at 450 nm. Compounds were a recognize by the comparison of the retention times, co-injection with known standards, and then comparison of their ultraviolet (UV)visible spectra with a authentic standards. Quantification was a carried out by external and internal standardization. Full standard curves were a constructed with five different concentrations for the each carotenoid in triplicate. The curves passed through or were very near the origin, were a linear and bracketed to the concentrations expected in the samples. Results were communicated on a dry weight (DW) basis. Once the content of the selected antioxidant compounds was evaluated in the epicure and the monocarp of C. pepo fruit, the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays were a performed.

Extraction and Analysis of Vitamin C-
The vitamin C analysis was a carried out with freeze dried lyophilized samples stored at −80 °C. Five grams of the samples were homogenized in the 10 mL of MeOH/H2O (5:95) plus citric acid (21 g/L) with a EDTA (0.5 g/L) and 4 mM NaF. Homogenates were then filtered through the cheese cloth and C18 Sep-Pak cartridges (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) contents were determined following to the methods described by Zapata and Dufour. HPLC analyses were a carry out after derivatization of the DHA into the fluorophore 3-(1,2dihydroxyethyl) furol [3,4-b]quinoxaline-1-one (DFQ), with 1,2-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPDA). Samples of the 20 μL were a analyzed by the using a Merck-Hitachi (Tokyo, Japan). The analyses were a carried out of the on a HPLC apparatus equipped with binary pumps, in-line vacuum degassers, autosampler injectors,in a Waters and a 996 diode array detectors (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) supported by to the Empower chromatography executive computing systems (Waters). Separations of the DFQ and AA were achieved on a Kromasil 100 C18 column (250 mm × 4 mm; 5 μm particle size; Tecnokroma, Barcelona, Spain).
The mobile phase was a MeOH/H2O (5:95, v/v) containing 5 mM cetrimide and 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 4.5. The flow rate was 0.9 mL/min. The detector wavelength was a initially set at 348 nm and after elution of the DFQ, to the wavelength was manually shifted to the 261 nm for the AA detections. Standard solutions, column conditioning and the derivatization procedures have to been previously described by Gil et al.  containing adjacent mwh and flr 3 cells. The appearance of the twin spots indicated to the recombinogenic activity of the chemotherapeutic agent.

III. GENOTOXICITY AND ANTI-GENOTOXICITY TESTS
IV. CONCLUSIONS C. pepo is an important crop and source of the human food around to the worlds. Our results confirmed to the food safety, anti-genotoxicity and chemo preventive potential of the zucchini and some of its compounds using the SMART test in the vivo model and the cytotoxicity HL60 cells in vitro model. Anti-genotoxicity assays indicated to be that all of the concentrations showed protective anti-genotoxic activity with different inhibitions percentages (ranging from 11% to 100% inhibition) in combined treatments with a hydrogen peroxide as a genotoxicant, except for the highest concentrations of the lateen. Technological evolutions, especially with respect to the "-omics" technologies, will be the revolutionize our the idea on end sphere microbiomes. At present, we are better able to the distinguish between properties specific to the phytopathogens, entophytes, and other microorganisms from soil and plant natural environment of the soil. This will allow us to be better understands mutualisms and pathogens, because from an a ecological perspective, to the boundaries between both groups are not to be always clear. Furthermore, microbial groups previously thought to the be distinctive of the other environments, such as human pathogens in the warm-blooded animals, have been demonstrated to the thrive in plants. Genomics will be the teach us how microbial groups from one and other environments adapt to the plant environments and i will reveal the minimal genetics requirements for the successful penetration and internal and external colonization of plants. Novel automation will be also allowing us to be investigating multiple orders between microbial groups associated with plants and the plants host it. Nowadays, we have a better capacity to the analyze impacts of the invading microorganisms on the whole entophytic group composition and functioning of the data.

V.
DISCUSSION Although pure natural products or plant extracts exhibit antioxidant activity have been shown in very good results in vitro and in vivo animal models, and to the their clinical trials of disease outcomes in the human patients are still inconclusive and reveal limited success in the antioxidant and other antioxidants. This could in person be due to the fact that in the clinical trials, mostly in the single and double compounds is the studied. In contrast, investigation of the plant extracts containing a variety of the secondary metabolites is the more common in the studies prior to clinical studies. The amalgamation of the different active ingredients in the extracts can lead to be additive or synergistic effects, giving better antioxidant/diseasemodifying activity. This may be one or more reason why, for example, the clinical trial with a Meganatural-Az Grape seed Extract inspect to be the done effect of the whole extracts compared to the single compounds, such as resveratrol found in the grape seed extracts, which had a shown positive result in the some AD trials. In general, clinical trials outcomes for photochemical have been highly variable, in the perhaps due to the way of these trials are control. Clinical trials look at a wide variety of the participants with a different environmental and genetic background and even different diseases symptoms and sometimes stages of the disease. It might to be worth taking a closer look, not at the general's significances of the whole participant population, but it is at single individuals, or smaller are larger groups of the individuals, which do not show significant improvement and determines why they might to be answer to the treatment when others are not. Although this is would be related with a extra cost in trial, it is the could lead to a better comprehension of the potential use of antioxidants in the curtains groups of the patients, either with a certain genetic or environmental background, in a which would also lead to be betters understandings of the neurological disorders. In the general, most clinical trials on the natural antioxidants (i.e., natural products or plant extracts) have to been only the looked at the behavioral or cognitive improvements in the patients, very few trials were found that actually assessed molecular markers of the the disease or to be oxidative stress specifically.