Use of different Grades of Concrete in Shear Wall: A Comprehensive Review

— The main focus in present era is to use a dual system in a multistoried structure, since the major focus is to reduce the lateral loads acting on it. The research topic to reduce the lateral load in the current trend has increasing day by day. This trending expansion leads to the result in safe high rise structures. To contribute something in this, the current work shows the survey of the work in shear wall usage in dual structures as per Indian Standards. This study deals with the comparative analysis of the research trend on the current topic and after the survey, comprehensive outcomes are provided in conclusions that forms the objectives of the additional study.


I. INTRODUCTION
Optimization of the structures has now been the new and latest ways to make the structure efficient. The trend follows all the economic customs to make cost effective structures. Stability of the structures is a tough task and it loose the above economic trend, since it requires heavy sections, it needs some additional stiffness resisting members and also need extra cost to make the same seismic free. Shear wall is the basic need of the modern tall structures. It not only stabilizes the tall structures but also protect the same from seismic disasters; on the other hand, it is a heavy R.C.C. additional component that increases the overall weight of the structure along with its base shear. Overall project cost ultimately increases with the usage of shear wall.

Shear Wall
An additional structural component used to resist lateral force effects on a structure consist of a stiff R. C. C. wall. This R.C.C. vertical wall starts from foundation base to the top of the building. As per Indian Standard, the Shear wall is classified into two types viz. Ordinary RC structural walls and Ductile RC structural walls. The former one doesn't meet the special detailing requirements for ductile behavior as per IS 13920 and the later one meet the special detailing requirements for ductile behavior as per IS 13920.

Types of Shear Wall
There are various types of shear wall each of them has its own importance. The various types of shear wall are as follows:-

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
An Experimental Approach was performed by the researchers by the usage of Polyethylene Glycol in their work as self-curing agent in the concrete that cures itself. Polyethylene Glycol was replaced by cement in 0% to 3.2%. Only 28 days curing have discussed in this approach with total 5 mixes of concrete. M20 and M25 grade concrete have used and mix were abbreviated as Mix-1 to Mix-5. Flexural strength found out best at 2.4% replacement for M25 grade concrete and 1.6% for M20 grade concrete. Similarly, for compressive test results, strength found out best at 2.4% replacement for M25 grade concrete and 1.6% for M20 grade concrete. The main function of Polyethylene Glycol is to increase the selfcuring property, one the other hand,, it will increase the strength too. The recommendations show it can also be replaced within the limit (Prakash Mandiwal et. al.).
The following work suggested the value of silica fume in concrete and has created a great effort in the field of structural engineering. The authors have conducted an experimental approach by replacing the binding particle. The cement itself has the ability to bind the concrete, but the introduction of the silica fume in the replacement of cement has a major part of their study. Cement has replaced by 0% to 25% with silica fume to increase its strength. The experimental tests have performed on 7, 14 and 28 days of each percent replacement by casting a cube. Results shows maximum compressive strength has achieved on 15 percent cement replacement (Prabhulal Chouhan et. al.).
The experimental approach was done on M25 grade concrete with replacing glass powder along with fly ash. These two materials selected such that the same had been a waste material from different manufacturing industries and are free of cost. Cement, on the other hand, a costly binding material used in concrete, A partial replacement have done by using both the glass powder and fly ash. They are abbreviated for glass powder as GP and for fly ash as FA. Compressive and flexural strength have performed on the same with total seven mixes on 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. Results shown that by using 75% cement with 25% Fly ash, both flexural properties and compressive properties of concrete have increased. By replacing glass powder with fine aggregate, there was a decrease in strength. The Mix 2 performs well among all mixes (Sachin Sironiya et. al.).
Following work has accomplished with the use of Self Curing property of Concrete by the usage of PEG-400. This chemical was used in the form of liquid or in powder form. The main approach in their study was, they replaced Again the works on silica fume has done by the authors and have suggested the importance of flexural and split tensile strength of the concrete. The replacement of concrete had done for M25 grade concrete by replacement of cement from 0 %, 5%, 7.5%, 12.5%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The water cement ratio is maintained at 0.42 units. For flexural test, beam of size 10cm x 10cm x 50cm have casted by different percent replaced mix abbreviated as M1 to M7. Results show that 15% replacement will be the optimum ratio for flexural test. Again for split tensile test, cylinders of size 15cm in diameter x 30cm have casted by different percent replaced mix abbreviated as M1 to M7. Result shows that 20% replacement will be the optimum ratio for split tensile test (Prabhulal Chouhan et. al.).

III. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLINE OF PROPOSED WORK
The conduction of the literature survey has done by reviewing and learning data objectives of various research papers it has now cleared that there should be a proper analysis before going further in any topic to find out the current research done. The current trend has also been obtained in dual configuration structures. Therefore it is necessary to increase the stiffness at particular locations in the building to make an optimized one to resist the same from lateral loading.
The conclusive outcomes drawn from the study are enlisted below: 1. Dual structural configurations should be necessary to overcome the lateral effects in the form of displacements.
2. Soil type should also be checked as per Indian Standardization IS 1893-2016 (part 1).
3. Seismic zonal analysis should be check to analyze the data for different seismic zones.
4. The study is conducted for both the directions viz. lateral and longitudinal direction.

Different parameters of analysis should be checked and validate as per Indian Standards along within the limits.
The main focus is to check the dual system with different grades of concrete that has going to be a major study for upcoming proposed work.