Dark Matter and Dark Energy due to Photons that Attract or Repel Each Other

Souza de Assis, H. Torres-Silva

Photon mass, Dark matter, Dark energy, Newton force, Universe.

The Through a simple model we study the possibility of photon with mass and charge that can produce an attractive or repulsive force at galactic distances. The main source of the dark energy can be provided by the non-vanishing photon mass during the period of dark radiation of the Universe. A simple analysis shows that the non-vanishing photon mass of the order of is consistent with the current observations. For distances separating nearby galaxies dominates the force of Newtonian attraction between photonic masses (Dark Matter). For distant galaxies dominates the repulsive electrical force between photon charges (Dark Energy).

10.22161/ijaers.4.2.6