Smart Dual-Parallel Line Fault Detection, Protection, and Real-Time Monitoring Using Arduino UNO/ESP32

For electrical distribution systems to operate dependably, defects must be promptly identified and isolated in order to avoid equipment damage, service disruptions, and safety risks. This paper describes a clever, microcontroller-based system that uses an Arduino UNO or ESP32 to identify, protect, and monitor dual-parallel line faults in real time. Two parallel lines' current and voltage are continually monitored by the suggested system using ACS712 current sensors and ZMPT101B voltage sensors. When the system detects overvoltage or overcurrent, it automatically isolates the faulty line using relay-based protection and sounds an alert. An I2C LCD shows real-time measurements, and the ESP32 version allows wireless monitoring for improved operational supervision.Simulation and hardware implementation are used to validate the system, which shows quick fault detection, dependable isolation, and ongoing monitoring. The suggested approach ensures increased safety and dependability in power distribution networks and is affordable, scalable, and appropriate for smart grid and industrial applications.