Surface analysis of bovine teeth submitted to dental bleaching: in vitro study

Joyce Caroline da Silva, Celena de Sousa Dias, Luanne Mara Rodrigues de Matos, Thais Oliveira Cordeiro

Tooth whitening, Bleaching agents, Hydrogen peroxide, pH analysis, Bovine teeth

Tooth whitening is a procedure that lightens the color of a tooth by applying a chemical agent to oxidize the organic pigmentation of the tooth. The agents hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are oxidizing agents, which, after diffusion, dissociate to produce free radicals that affect pigmented organic molecules. Objective: To evaluate the action of bleaching agents on the dental surface of bovine teeth. Through an in vitro laboratory experiment, the action of bleaching agents (Whiteness HP 35% - FGM and Potenza Bianco Pro 35% - PHS) on the tooth surface was evaluated, from which 30 bovine teeth were collected, sanitized with distilled water, stored in saliva for seven days, cut by separating the root from the crown with a standardized 10x10 mm cut in the straight piece with a diamond disc, then immersed in saliva for another seven days, where they were divided into three groups (samples), defined in control group (GC), test groups I and II (GT I and TG II). Prophylaxis was performed on all teeth in the groups (samples) with prophylactic paste and a straight Robinson brush. Subsequently, the teeth in the control group (CG) were immersed again in artificial saliva for another seven days. After seven days, the pH of the two bleaching agents was descriptively analyzed, and the analysis of free energy/wetting of the groups (samples) was also carried out. The pH of Potenza Bianco Pro 35% bleach was 6.0 and its wettability was 119.85. The pH of Whiteness HP 35% bleach was 8.5 and its wettability value was 119.66. The bleaching agent Potenza Bianco Pro – PHS is more acidic and the Whiteness HP – FGM is alkaline. The wettability of the whitening agent Potenza Bianco Pro – PHS is similar to Whiteness HP – FGM > 90°.

Received: 11 Sep 2025, Received in revised form: 09 Oct 2025, Accepted: 13 Oct 2025, Available online: 17 Oct 2025

10.22161/ijaers.1210.3